Macroeconomics

U.S. private employers added an average of 20,000 jobs per week for the four weeks ending September 5, up from 16,750 in the previous report, with the unemployment rate steady at 4.1%. Market-implied 10-year inflation expectations in Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS) declined by 5-10 basis points, suggesting easing inflation concerns. The Richmond Fed manufacturing index, however, fell from 4 to -2 in September, while Eurozone consumer confidence edged lower to -16.5.

Major Stock Markets

U.S. equity markets closed mixed, with the Nasdaq Composite advancing 0.45% to a new record high of 27244, primarily driven by continued strength in semiconductor stocks. The S&P 500 remained largely unchanged, closing at 7765, while the Dow Jones Industrial Average was down -0.4% to 51864, pressured by a notable 2.0% drop in financial shares. European and Asian markets generally ended higher, with the Euro Stoxx 50 gaining 0.1% and the Nikkei 225 up 1.38%.

Major Government Bonds

U.S. Treasury yields were largely flat to slightly lower, with the benchmark 10-year Treasury yield settling at 5.0%, down -0.01 percentage points. The 2-year Treasury yield was little changed at 4.756%, though it touched a two-year high earlier in the session. Market-implied 10-year inflation expectations in TIPS markets decreased by 5-10 basis points, reflecting an easing of inflation concerns.

Major Commodities

Crude oil prices extended their recent decline for a fifth consecutive session, with WTI crude was down -2.7% to $89.9 per barrel and Brent crude dropping 1.09% to $99.25 per barrel, marking its first close below $100 since September 8. This downturn was driven by reports of Saudi Arabia's East-West pipeline restart progress and diplomatic hopes between the U.S. and Iran regarding the Strait of Hormuz. Gold prices saw a modest rise of 0.4% to $4401.8 per ounce, while copper continued its rally, increasing 3.3% to $6.9, reaching a record high.

Macroeconomics

Optimism regarding US-China trade discussions and potential US-Iran diplomatic engagement eased geopolitical tensions, though Federal Reserve officials maintained a hawkish stance, with Chicago Fed President Goolsbee and St. Louis Fed President Musalem suggesting further rate hikes may be necessary to combat US - Consumer Price Index (CPI). Meanwhile, US diesel retail prices reached a new record, surpassing $6.50 per gallon, while the EU extended sanctions on Russia for 36 months.

Major Stock Markets

US major stock markets surged, with the S&P 500 rising 1.5% to 7765 and the NASDAQ Composite Index gaining 2.3% to close at a record high of 27122, driven by strong performance in technology and AI-related sectors. The Dow Jones Industrial Average also advanced 0.7% to 52049. European equities followed suit, with the Stoxx 600 Index climbing 1.0% and Germany DAX Index up 1.1% to 25575.

Major Government Bonds

Major government bond yields declined, with the US - 10-Year Treasury Note Yield falling -0.04 percentage points to 5.0%, reflecting reduced inflation concerns following the drop in oil prices. Europe - 10-Year Bond Yield also saw declines, with Germany 10-year Bond Yield down -0.07 percentage points to 3.5%.

Major Commodities

Oil prices experienced a significant decline, with WTI Crude Oil falling down -4.5% to $91.8 per barrel and Brent Crude Oil dropping around 3.4% to $100.34 per barrel, largely due to hopes for diplomatic progress in the Middle East and increased Saudi oil exports. Gold also retreated, declining down -0.9%.

Highlight

The global economic expectation index for September recorded a slight increase, reaching 2.6%, up from the previous 2.57%.

Components

• US: The index remained stable at 2.11%.
• Eurozone: Saw an increase to 1.2% from 1.07%.
• UK: Matched the Eurozone with a rise to 1.2% from 1.07%.
• Germany: Slightly up to 1.08% from 1.03%.
• Japan: Increased to 0.8% from 0.77%.
• China: Decreased to 4.47% from 4.53%.
• Italy: Dropped to 0.75% from 0.83%.
• Taiwan: Notable increase to 6.5% from 6.36%.
• India: Marginal increase to 6.98% from 6.97%.
• Canada: Rose to 1.54% from 1.43%.
• Indonesia: Slight increase to 5.05% from 5.03%.
• South Korea: Increased to 2.72% from 2.67%.
• Singapore: Rose to 3.5% from 3.43%.
• Malaysia: Slight decrease to 4.8% from 4.83%.

Macroeconomics

Major central banks were active, with the Federal Reserve hiking its policy rate by 25 basis points to a range of 3.75% to 4%, signaling a hawkish stance with expectations for another increase this year. The Bank of Japan also raised its policy rate by 25 basis points to 1.25%, the highest since 1995, though the yen weakened due to internal dissent regarding future tightening. The Bank of England, meanwhile, held its interest rates steady at 3.75% and announced the cancellation of its long-term bond selling program. On the data front, US August retail sales surpassed expectations, while August industrial output remained unchanged. French 10-year government bond yields rose significantly to 4.56%, marking their highest level since 2008 and widening the spread against German bonds.

Major Stock Markets

Major US equity indices closed mixed, with the Nasdaq posting a slight gain of 0.4% to 26523 and the S&P 500 up 0.2% to 7651, primarily driven by strength in semiconductor and AI-related stocks. The Dow Jones Industrial Average, however, finished marginally lower, down -0.2% to 51683. For the week, the Nasdaq gained 0.7%, the S&P 500 declined 0.1%, and the Dow dropped 1.7%. European stock markets generally retreated amid concerns over French fiscal stability, while Asian markets, including Japan, which advanced 1.4% to 65019, and South Korea, up 2.7% to 6894, advanced, with technology and semiconductor sectors leading the charge.

Major Government Bonds

US Treasury yields saw an upward trend, with the benchmark 10-year yield settling at 5.0%, up 0.05 percentage points, and the 2-year yield reaching a new 52-week high of 4.741%, reflecting continued market adjustments to central bank policy. This led to a flattening of the yield curve. In Europe, government bond markets faced pressure, particularly in France, where the 10-year yield climbed 12 basis points to 4.56%, its highest level since 2008. The spread against German bunds, whose 10-year yield rose 0.04 percentage points to 3.5%, widened significantly.

Major Commodities

International oil prices declined for a third consecutive day, with WTI crude settling at $99.5 per barrel, down -2.3%, and Brent crude at $103.87, though prices remained elevated amid ongoing Middle East supply concerns and record-high US diesel prices. Gold and silver prices both advanced, with gold settling at $4,415.9 an ounce, up 0.4%, and silver at $67.15 an ounce. Industrial metals saw gains, with copper settling at $6.7, up 2.0%, recording its eleventh weekly rise out of twelve, while Bitcoin surged 6.4% to 81280.7, its highest level since May 12, 2026, partly driven by regulatory developments concerning tokenized stocks.

Macroeconomics

US economic data showed mixed signals with initial jobless claims falling to a two-year low of 196,000 and continuing claims reaching 1.73 million, indicating labor market resilience. However, housing starts declined to 1.27 million, and building permits also fell to 1.39 million, suggesting weakness in the housing sector. The Philadelphia Fed manufacturing index eased to 37.8 but remained strong. Globally, the Bank of England held its policy rate steady at 3.75% for the sixth consecutive meeting and announced the cancellation of its long-dated gilt sales plan, while expecting CPI to rise to 3.75% in Q4 2026 and above 4.00% in Q1 2027.

Major Stock Markets

Major global stock markets saw a broad rebound, with U.S. equities posting significant gains as the S&P 500 rose 1.1% to 7638, the Nasdaq Composite climbed 1.7% to 26418, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average added 0.6% to 51778. This marked the best session for the S&P 500 and Nasdaq since early August, driven by strength in technology, semiconductor, and AI-related sectors. European markets also advanced, with the FTSE 100 gaining 1.2% to 10816 and the Euro Stoxx 50 up 0.9%, while Asian markets were mixed.

Major Government Bonds

U.S. Treasury yields retreated across the curve, with the benchmark 10-year Treasury yield falling 0.07 percentage points to 4.9%, moving back below the 5% threshold after an extended rise. The 2-year Treasury yield also declined by over 7 basis points to 4.675%. This broad bond market rally was attributed to easing inflation concerns and investor comfort with central bank policy signals. European bond yields also saw declines, including a 7 basis point drop in UK 10-year gilt yields.

Major Commodities

Crude oil prices extended their recent pullback for a second consecutive day, with WTI crude settling at $101.0 per barrel, down -1.4%, as reports of potential increased Saudi supply and de-escalation efforts in the Middle East eased supply disruption fears. Concurrently, precious metals saw a decline, with spot gold down -0.1% to $4381.2 per ounce, and silver climbing 3.49%. Industrial metals also gained, with copper rising 2.8% to $6.6 per pound.

Macroeconomics

The Federal Reserve raised its benchmark interest rate by 25 basis points to a target range of 3.75%-4.00%, marking the first hike since 2023. The accompanying dot plot indicated a notably hawkish stance, with 16 of 18 officials projecting at least one more rate increase by year-end 2026. U.S. August US - Retail Sales Value significantly surpassed expectations, rising 1.2% month-over-month, with control group sales up 1.4%, signaling robust consumer spending despite rising interest rates and a decline in homebuilder sentiment.

Major Stock Markets

U.S. equity markets reacted negatively to the Fed's hawkish tone, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average down -1.2% to 51462, reaching a record low, and the S&P 500 down -0.5% to 7552, while the NASDAQ Composite Index remained largely unchanged. In contrast, European stock markets generally advanced, and Asian equities were mixed to higher, with the Japan Nikkei 225 Index gaining 0.7% to 63923 and the South Korea - KOSPI Index rising 1.4% to 6718.

Major Government Bonds

U.S. Treasury yields saw a mixed but generally upward movement, particularly on the short end of the curve, as investors priced in further tightening. The US 2-year Treasury Note Yield rose by 7 basis points to 4.749%, reaching its highest level since mid-2024, while the US - 10-Year Treasury Note Yield rose 0.03 percentage points to 5.0%, reaching a record high. The US Dollar Index surged 0.7% to 100.3, marking its best single-day gain in three months.

Major Commodities

Crude oil prices retreated sharply, with WTI Crude Oil down -3.5% to $102.1 per barrel and Brent Crude Oil declining 2.7% to $105.83 per barrel, following reports that Saudi Arabia aims to restore half the capacity of a key pipeline within days. Gold prices reversed earlier gains to close down -0.8% at $4300.0 per ounce, pressured by the stronger dollar and hawkish Fed outlook, while Silver also declined.

Retail Sales Growth

The latest data for US retail sales in August shows a significant increase, with a month-on-month (MoM) growth of 1.24%, surpassing the forecast of 0.8% and reversing the previous month's decline of 0.54%. Year-on-year (YoY), retail sales rose by 6.01%, up from 5.03% in the previous period.

Control Group Performance

The retail sales control group, which excludes more volatile categories, also showed strong performance with a MoM increase of 1.33%, well above the forecast of 0.4% and marking the highest level since September 2024. On a YoY basis, the control group sales grew by 5.63%, compared to 4.51% previously.

Components Details

• Sporting Goods saw a notable YoY increase to 10.74% from 9.99%.
• Electronics Appliance sales rose significantly YoY to 7.84% from 5.47%.
• Gasoline Stations experienced a sharp YoY rise to 20.96% from 17.07%.
• Furniture sales improved YoY to 1.93% from a previous decline of -2.71%.
• Health & Personal Care sales increased YoY to 1.91% from 0.43%.
• Nonstore Retailers reported a YoY growth of 9.88%, up from 8.32%.

Macroeconomics

The market was largely focused on the upcoming Federal Reserve interest rate decision, with expectations for a 25 basis point hike. Economic data showed mixed signals: the New York Fed's manufacturing index dropped significantly from 20.6 to 7.6, with new orders declining, though prices paid rose to 63.1. In China, August's industrial production increased by 5.2%, but retail sales grew modestly at 0.4%, and fixed asset investment for January-August fell by 7.2%, with real estate investment down 19.9%. Concerns over inflation and government debt led to reports that the Bank of England is considering ceasing the sale of long-term government bonds.

Major Stock Markets

Global equity markets experienced a broad decline, with major indices in the U.S., Europe, and Asia closing lower. In the U.S., the S&P 500 fell down -0.5% to 7586, the Dow Jones Industrial Average down -0.6% to 52093, and the Nasdaq Composite down -0.8% to 25982, as investors reduced risk ahead of the Fed's decision. European markets also saw modest declines, with the Euro Stoxx 50 down 0.3% and the FTSE 100 down -0.4% to 10658. While most sectors were under pressure, energy stocks were a notable exception, posting gains, and the US - PHLX Semiconductor Sector Index managed a slight rebound, up 0.4% to 11175 after recent instability, though crypto-related stocks plunged following the failure of a regulatory bill in the U.S. Senate.

Major Government Bonds

Government bond yields continued their upward trend globally, reaching multi-year highs. The US - 10-Year Treasury Note Yield climbed to 5.0%, a record high. The 30-year Treasury yield also rose to 5.37%, while a 20-year U.S. Treasury auction saw weak demand, with the yield reaching 5.42%. Elsewhere, the Germany 10-year Bond Yield increased to 3.5%, a record high, and longer-term Japanese government bond yields also moved higher, with the benchmark Japan 10-year Government Bond Yield moving higher by 0.1 percentage points to 3.0%, a record high. Australia 10-Year Government Bond Yield rose by 8bps to 5.42%.

Major Commodities

International oil prices surged significantly amid heightened supply concerns from the Middle East. US WTI Crude Oil Futures jumped up 3.8% to $105.3 per barrel, a record high. And Brent Crude Oil rose by 2.9% to $108.75 per barrel. This rally was fueled by reports of three Libyan oil fields halting operations, Saudi Arabia canceling some crude shipments to Europe, and the suspension of oil loading at Saudi Arabia's Red Sea port of Yanbu. Diesel prices also reached record highs. In precious metals, Gold prices edged lower, down -0.4% to $4335.0 per ounce, while Silver saw a modest gain.

Macroeconomics

Global markets were primarily influenced by concerns over the pace of AI development, with industry leaders calling for a slowdown, countered by former President Trump's opposition. Geopolitical tensions in the Middle East escalated following a Saudi pipeline closure and postponed diplomatic talks, pushing oil prices higher and intensifying inflation fears ahead of the Federal Reserve's anticipated rate hike this week. China reported August M2 at 356.81 trillion yuan (+7.5% YoY) and social financing at 23.91 trillion yuan cumulatively for the first eight months, down 2.64 trillion yuan YoY.

Major Stock Markets

Major global stock markets closed mostly lower, with U.S. indices like the S&P 500 fell -0.5% to 7620, Nasdaq Composite fell -0.6% to 26186, and Dow Jones Industrial Average fell -0.3% to 52421 all declining. The downturn was largely driven by fears of a slowdown in AI development, which heavily impacted semiconductor and related technology sectors, with the PHLX Semiconductor Sector Index (SOX) falling -5.9% to 11131. European markets were mixed, with the Euro Stoxx 50 falling 1.02% while the UK FTSE 100 gained 0.4% to 10698.

Major Government Bonds

Government bond markets saw a significant sell-off, with the U.S. 10-year Treasury yield rose 0.02 percentage points to 5.0% at close, reaching a record high for the first time since July 2007. The U.S. 2-year Treasury yield also climbed to 4.671%, reflecting heightened inflation concerns and strong expectations for a Federal Reserve rate hike this week. German 10-year Bund yields also advanced 0.03 percentage points, closing at 3.5%, a record high since June 2009.

Major Commodities

Commodity markets saw international oil prices climb, with WTI crude settling up 1.9% at $102.0 per barrel and Brent crude rising 1.41% to $103.16 per barrel, fueled by supply concerns from the Saudi pipeline closure and ongoing Middle East tensions. Conversely, precious metals declined as the U.S. dollar index strengthened 0.3% to 99.5 and bond yields rose, with spot gold falling down -1.6% to $4339.3 per ounce and silver down 1.96%.

Macroeconomics

US August core CPI rose 0.3% month-over-month, exceeding the 0.2% consensus, while headline CPI increased 0.4% monthly and 3.4% annually, both in line with expectations. Annually, core CPI was up 2.4%, the lowest since March 2021. Energy prices contributed to inflation, rising 2.1% for the month, with transportation services also up 0.5%. The University of Michigan's preliminary September consumer sentiment slipped to 47.8, and 1-year inflation expectations jumped to 4.6%. The European Central Bank raised its policy rate by 25 basis points, and following the US inflation data, futures markets now assign an approximately 85-90% probability of a Federal Reserve rate hike at its upcoming meeting.

Major Stock Markets

Major US equity markets rebounded, ending a four-day losing streak, with the S&P 500 gaining 0.9% to 7657, the Dow gaining 1.0% to 52573, and Nasdaq gaining 1.0% to 26333. This rally was partly driven by a pullback in oil prices and the overall CPI report not being worse than feared, despite the core inflation surprise. Technology, Industrials, and Communications sectors led the gains, while Healthcare and Utilities lagged. Despite Friday's rebound, all major US indices recorded weekly declines. AI-related stocks remained a bright spot, with Oracle's strong cloud infrastructure results and Microsoft's data center expansion plans providing momentum, and Dell surging on AI infrastructure optimism. European markets also closed higher, though Asian indices generally saw declines.

Major Government Bonds

Government bond yields across major economies finished higher, particularly at the shorter end of the curve, reflecting increased expectations for central bank tightening. The US 2-year Treasury yield rose over 15 basis points to 4.594%, and the 10-year Treasury yield increased by 0.03 percentage points to 5.0%, reaching its highest level since October 20, 2023. This move was exacerbated by a disappointing US Treasury buyback operation, which fell short of its maximum authorized amount. Globally, the German 10-year yield rose 0.01 percentage points to 3.5%, hitting its highest level since August 10, 2009, and the Japan 10-year yield rose 0.08 percentage points to 3.0%, reaching its highest since 1996, following the ECB's rate hike and anticipation of further global monetary tightening.

Major Commodities

Oil prices retreated on Friday, with WTI crude settling at $99.99 per barrel, down -2.4%, but both benchmarks still posted significant weekly gains of nearly 10% and 9% respectively. The daily decline was attributed to reports of potential talks between Gulf states and Iran to ease Middle East tensions and manage shipping through the Strait of Hormuz. However, concerns over supply disruptions persisted after Saudi Arabia preventatively closed a key East-West oil pipeline following attacks, and US diesel prices reached a new record high above $6.00 per gallon. Gold prices ended the day down -0.4% to $4390.0, but recorded weekly losses.

CPI Overview

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) for August showed a YoY increase of 3.4%, slightly below the forecast of 3.4% and the previous month's 3.36%. On a MoM basis, the CPI rose by 0.4%, aligning with forecasts but below the previous month's 0.07%.

Core CPI Insights

The Core CPI, which excludes food and energy, recorded a YoY increase of 2.45%, slightly above the forecast of 2.4% and the previous month's 2.48%. This marks the lowest level since March 2021. On a MoM basis, the Core CPI rose by 0.29%, surpassing the forecast of 0.2% and the previous month's 0.22%.

Components Details

Energy prices surged with a YoY increase of 16.05%, up from 14.45% previously. Education & Communication saw a significant rise to 2.15% from 0.55%. Transportation costs increased to 5.97% from 5.58%. Conversely, Medical Care Commodities experienced a decline of -2.69%, slightly up from -2.71% previously. Other notable changes include Food & Beverages at 2.58%, Shelter at 3.03%, and Apparel at 3.62%.

Macroeconomics

Inflation concerns intensified following the release of August's US - Producer Price Index (PPI), which rose 5.4% year-over-year, exceeding the 5.3% expectation, though core PPI month-over-month increased a cooler 0.2%. Initial jobless claims remained low at 206,000, indicating a resilient labor market, while existing home sales fell 2.0% to an annual rate of 3.98 million units. The European Central Bank raised its key interest rates by 25 basis points, as anticipated, and revised its inflation forecasts higher for 2027 and 2028, citing persistent inflationary pressures from the Middle East conflict. Market odds for a Federal Reserve rate hike next week increased to around 70-73%.

Major Stock Markets

Major global stock markets experienced broad declines for the fourth consecutive session, driven by rising bond yields, surging oil prices, and persistent inflation worries. The S&P 500 fell -0.6% to 7592, the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell -0.6% to 52064, and the Nasdaq Composite fell -0.7% to 26082. European indices also retreated, with the Euro Stoxx 600 down 1.4%, following the hawkish ECB rate hike. Technology, particularly semiconductors, and materials sectors were among the weakest performers, while consumer staples and certain software names showed relative resilience.

Major Government Bonds

Government bond yields surged globally as inflation fears and central bank hawkishness took center stage. The benchmark US 10-year Treasury yield climbed 0.13 percentage points to 5.0%, reaching its highest level since October 20, 2023, while the 2-year yield rose 16 basis points to 4.59%. The 30-year Treasury yield also increased 8 basis points to 5.37%, a level not seen since June 2007. European bond yields followed suit, with the German 10-year Bund yield rising 0.06 percentage points to 3.5%, reaching its highest level since April 12, 2011.

Major Commodities

Oil prices surged significantly, with WTI crude jumping 8.5% to $104.2 per barrel and Brent crude rising 6.3% to $107.63 per barrel, with WTI reaching its highest level since May 20, 2026. This rally was fueled by escalating Middle East tensions, including Houthi actions in the Red Sea and reports of Iran resuming ballistic missile production, alongside news of Saudi Arabia's August crude output falling to its lowest since 1990. In contrast, precious metals declined, with gold falling down -2.2% to $4362.2 and silver tumbling 5.4%, pressured by the sharp rise in bond yields and strengthened Fed rate hike expectations. Copper prices also dropped down -4.1% to $6.5 amid reports of a stalled US tariff plan.

Macroeconomics

Geopolitical tensions intensified in the Middle East, driving renewed concerns about inflation and central bank policy. China's August Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose by 0.8% year-on-year, while the Producer Price Index (PPI) increased by 3.8% year-on-year, both turning positive month-over-month. In the U.S., the Treasury Department's announcement of a $6 billion long-term bond buyback program fell short of market expectations, further exacerbating rate concerns. Traders are now pricing in approximately a 60% probability of a Federal Reserve rate hike in September, with expectations for rate increases from the European Central Bank and Bank of England also rising.

Major Stock Markets

Major global equity markets experienced broad declines, with U.S. indices closing lower for a third consecutive session; the S&P 500 fell -0.5% to 7636, the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped -0.8% to 52381, and the Nasdaq Composite decreased by -0.6% to 26253. European markets also saw significant losses, with the Euro Stoxx 50 down 1.6%, Germany's DAX falling -1.7% to 25576, and the UK's FTSE 100 declining -1.3% to 10670. Energy stocks were a notable exception, outperforming other sectors in the S&P 500 amid surging oil prices.

Major Government Bonds

Government bond yields surged globally as inflation concerns mounted and the U.S. Treasury's bond buyback announcement disappointed. The U.S. 10-year Treasury yield climbed 0.05 percentage points to 4.8%, reaching a record high since November 2023. Similarly, the German 10-year Bund yield rose 0.08 percentage points to 3.4%, a record high since 2011, and the UK 10-year Gilt yield increased 9 basis points to 5.26%, a level not seen since 2007.

Major Commodities

International oil prices continued their ascent driven by escalating Middle East tensions, with Brent crude futures breaking above $100 per barrel for the first time since July, settling at $101.21, while WTI crude futures rose 4.8% to $97.5 per barrel, a record high since May 2026. Precious metals saw gains, with spot gold rose 0.2% to $4447.8 per ounce, and silver jumping 2.32%. Industrial metals also surged, with London Metal Exchange (LME) copper hitting a new record high of $14,858.5 per metric ton.

Macroeconomics

Geopolitical tensions in the Middle East intensified, with Houthi attacks on Saudi energy facilities and reports of US strikes on Iranian targets, reigniting inflation concerns. Markets are keenly awaiting upcoming US August inflation data (US - Producer Price Index on Thursday, US - Consumer Price Index (CPI) on Friday) for clues ahead of the US - Federal Funds Rate's September 15-16 meeting, where a roughly 58-59% probability of an US - FedWatch Probability of Rate Hike/Cut is priced in. Meanwhile, China's August China - Exports rose 25.0% year-on-year, and China - Imports increased 28.2% year-on-year, resulting in a record China - Imports/Exports vs. Trade Balance of $119.09 billion, while US consumer credit increased by $18.1 billion in July.

Major Stock Markets

US equity markets closed lower, with the S&P 500 down -0.6% to 7673, the Dow Jones Industrial Average down -1.2% to 52786, and the NASDAQ Composite Index down -0.3% to 26421. The downturn was primarily driven by escalating geopolitical tensions and rising oil prices, which fueled inflation and rate hike fears. Sector performance saw Energy Select Sector SPDR Fund and Utilities Select Sector SPDR Fund outperform, while Health Care Select Sector SPDR Fund and iShares Global Financials ETF (IXG) led declines, though iShares PHLX Semiconductor ETF showed some resilience. European markets were mixed, and Asian markets generally finished lower.

Major Government Bonds

US Treasury yields were mixed across the curve. The benchmark US - 10-Year Treasury Note Yield closed at 4.8%, showing no change, while the policy-sensitive US 2-year Treasury Note Yield rose to 4.39%. This movement reflected increased market expectations for a US - FedWatch Probability of Rate Hike/Cut in the near term. The Japanese Yen, in contrast, edged slightly lower against the US Dollar, with USD/JPY at 153.8. The US Dollar Index was down -0.3% to 98.8.

Major Commodities

Oil prices surged significantly due to the escalating Middle East conflict and attacks on energy infrastructure. US WTI Crude Oil Futures surged 2.0% to $94.4 per barrel, reaching its highest level since June 4, 2026, and Brent Crude Oil Futures settled at $97.92 per barrel, briefly approaching the $100 mark. US Gold Futures declined, with Gold futures down -1.5% to $4401.3 per ounce, while Copper continued its rally, rising 0.8% to $14946.3 per ton, reaching a record high since July 1, 1959.

Macroeconomics

Eurozone economic data showed strength, with Q2 GDP revised upwards to 0.6% month-on-month and 1.2% year-on-year, while the September investor confidence index climbed to a four-year high of 5.1. However, political risk in the Eurozone increased following the German far-right AfD's significant win in a state election, securing 43.8% of the vote. In the US, gasoline prices reached a new Labor Day record of approximately $4.15 per gallon amid Middle East tensions, and China's central bank continued its gold accumulation, adding 650,000 ounces in August.

Major Stock Markets

US stock markets were closed for the Labor Day holiday. European equities saw mixed performance, with the Euro Stoxx 600 flat, while Germany's DAX declined down -0.2% to 26007 and France's CAC 40 posted a modest gain of 0.3% to 8306. Asian markets, particularly in tech, rallied strongly, with Japan's Nikkei 225 up 2.1% to 66400 and South Korea's KOSPI surging 4.6% to 6995 following significant advancements in AI models and robust demand for storage chips. Chinese A-shares were also mixed but saw strong gains in AI-related sectors.

Major Government Bonds

US Treasury markets were closed for the holiday, though futures indicated a cautious sentiment. European government bond yields rose, with the German 10-year Bund yield increasing by 0.05 percentage points to 3.4%, a record high since April 15, 2011. Concerns over potential Japanese sales of US Treasuries to fund currency intervention, alongside persistent inflation worries and expanding fiscal deficits, contributed to upward pressure on global long-term yields.

Major Commodities

Oil prices surged, with WTI crude rising 1.3% to $92.7 per barrel, a record high since June 5, 2026, driven by escalating US-Iran hostilities and fresh attacks on Saudi Aramco facilities. Gold declined down -0.4% to $4458.4 per ounce, pressured by higher yields and inflation expectations. LME copper reached a new all-time high of $14,533 per tonne, fueled by speculation regarding new US tariffs on copper imports.

Macroeconomics

US August Nonfarm Payrolls significantly exceeded expectations, adding 162,000 jobs against a forecast of 55,000, with the unemployment rate holding at 4.1% and prior months' data revised up by 55,000. This data boosted the probability of a September Federal Reserve rate hike to 58% from 49.4%. In contrast, Canada's August employment unexpectedly decreased by 41,700. The US Treasury imposed sanctions on a Turkish investment bank for alleged ties to an Iranian shadow banking network. S&P also issued a credit warning regarding AI infrastructure, projecting over $7 trillion in capital expenditure by 2030 for major cloud vendors with unquantified returns, raising concerns about tech giants' debt sustainability.

Major Stock Markets

Major US stock indices closed lower, ending a two-day winning streak, with the S&P 500 falling -0.4%, the Nasdaq Composite Index down -0.3%, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average declining -0.5%, as strong employment data reignited rate hike concerns. However, the US - PHLX Semiconductor Sector Index notably rose 3.4%. Asian markets showed mixed performance, with Hong Kong's Hong Kong Hang Seng Index gaining 1.7% and the Hong Kong - Hang Seng TECH Index up 2.27%, while mainland Chinese A-shares edged lower. European equities also saw mixed results.

Major Government Bonds

US Treasury yields rose across the curve following the robust jobs report, with the US 2-year Treasury Note Yield increasing 3.4 basis points to 4.3703% and briefly touching 4.416%, its highest level since January 2025. The US - 10-Year Treasury Note Yield was around 4.8%. Adding to market movements, Norway's sovereign wealth fund announced plans to reduce its US Treasury exposure by approximately $80 billion, intending to reallocate towards agency mortgage-backed securities.

Major Commodities

Oil prices saw a slight dip, with WTI Crude Oil settling down -0.1% at $91.2 per barrel and Brent Crude Oil rising 0.80% to $96.28 per barrel, both marking weekly gains of about 9%. Gold initially dropped after the strong US jobs data but recovered most of its losses to close down -1.4% at $4477.2 per ounce. Industrial metals also saw gains, with Copper increasing 1.4% to $6.7.

August Job Report Highlights

The US Nonfarm Payrolls for August reported a significant increase, with a monthly change of 162.0k, surpassing the forecast of 55.0k and the previous month's 21.0k. The unemployment rate remained steady at 4.1%, aligning with both previous and forecasted figures.

Components Details

• Mining & Logging saw a positive shift with a change of 3.0k, up from -3.0k.
• Construction increased to 22.0k from 18.0k.
• Retail Trade experienced a decline, with a change of 1.4k compared to the previous 13.2k.
• Transportation dropped to 5.0k from 13.8k.
• Information sector faced a significant decrease, reporting -23.0k from a previous 5.0k.
• Financial Activities remained unchanged at -11.0k.
• Education & Health Services surged to 29.0k from 12.0k.
• Leisure & Hospitality rebounded with a change of 62.0k, up from -21.0k.
• Government employment increased significantly to 35.0k from -50.0k.
• Goods Production rose to 41.0k from 29.0k.
• Private Service showed a notable increase to 86.0k from 42.0k.

Macroeconomics

Federal Reserve Governor Waller's remarks, indicating a willingness to hold interest rates steady in September if disinflationary trends continue, significantly influenced market sentiment, leading to a reassessment of September hike probabilities to roughly 50%. Economic data revealed Q2 nonfarm business sector productivity increased at a 1.4% annualized rate, with unit labor costs revised lower to a 1.2% annualized gain. The August ISM Services PMI rose to 55.4, exceeding expectations, though prices paid reached a four-year high. Initial jobless claims edged up to 206,000, and the July trade deficit widened to $88.6 billion.

Major Stock Markets

Major global stock markets closed higher, primarily driven by dovish signals from a Federal Reserve Governor regarding interest rates. U.S. equities saw broad-based gains, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average rising 1.2% to 53686, the S&P 500 up 1.1% to 7748, and the Nasdaq Composite advancing 1.4% to 26584, led by sectors such as consumer discretionary and financials. European markets also posted gains, while Asian equities were mixed.

Major Government Bonds

Government bond yields retreated globally following the Federal Reserve Governor's comments, which eased concerns about aggressive rate hikes. The U.S. 10-year Treasury yield fell 0.02 percentage points to 4.8%, while the 2-year yield dropped to around 4.34%. Japanese government bond yields also declined, with the 10-year yield decreasing 0.07 percentage points to 2.9%, as speculation of a Bank of Japan rate hike intensified, contributing to a broader rally in fixed income markets.

Major Commodities

Oil prices continued their upward trend, with WTI crude settling at a record high of $91.7 per barrel, up 0.8%, driven by escalating geopolitical tensions in the Middle East and concerns over supply disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz. Gold experienced a significant rally, closing at $4523.5 an ounce with a gain of 2.5%, alongside a rise in silver prices, both supported by a weaker U.S. dollar and reduced expectations for aggressive interest rate hikes. Industrial metals like copper and iron ore also saw gains.

Highlight

The Institute for Supply Management (ISM) reported that the Services Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) for August rose to 55.4, surpassing both the previous and forecasted figures of 54.1. This marks a continued expansion in the services sector, maintaining a position above the 50 mark since May 2025.

Components

• Business Activity: Increased to 61.7 from 59.1.
• New Orders: Jumped to 60.9, the highest level since February 2023, from 57.2.
• Employment: Slightly decreased to 47.8 from 47.4.
• Supplier Deliveries: Decreased to 51.3 from 52.8.
• Inventory: Rose significantly to 56.7 from 51.4.
• Prices: Increased to 72.6, the highest since June 2022, from 70.3.
• Backlog of Orders: Increased to 55.6 from 50.9.
• New Export Orders: Increased to 56.3 from 52.0.
• Imports: Increased to 56.3 from 51.8.
• Inventory Sentiment: Increased to 54.1 from 52.5.

Macroeconomics

US ADP private payrolls increased by a lower-than-expected 38,000 in August, marking the smallest gain since January. New York Fed President Williams suggested that rising Treasury yields reflect a strong US economy rather than inflation concerns, indicating insufficient reason for further rate hikes, while the Fed's Beige Book noted slight to moderate economic growth and moderate price increases. The Bank of Canada maintained its overnight rate at 2.25%, and the Reserve Bank of New Zealand raised its Official Cash Rate by 25 basis points to 2.75%. In Europe, ECB Governing Council member Nagel signaled a high probability of a rate hike next week, even as the France-Germany 10-year bond spread widened to 88 basis points, reflecting Eurozone fiscal fragility. The Japanese Yen strengthened significantly, with USD/JPY down -0.9% to 158.7, amid speculation of intervention and hawkish comments from the Bank of Japan regarding potential aggressive normalization.

Major Stock Markets

US equities ended a three-day losing streak, with the S&P 500 rising 0.5% to 7667, the Dow Jones Industrial Average gaining 0.6% to 53062, and the Nasdaq Composite advancing 0.5% to 26218. Small-cap stocks, as measured by the Russell 2000, outperformed with a 1.13% increase. In contrast, European markets generally closed lower, with the Euro Stoxx 50 down 0.1% and the FTSE 100 down -0.3% to 10757. Asian markets also saw broad declines, notably South Korea's KOSPI tumbling down -4.0% to 6563 and Japan's Nikkei 225 sliding down -2.9% to 64326, influenced by higher oil prices and global bond yields.

Major Government Bonds

US Treasury yields pulled back modestly from recent multi-year highs, with the 10-year Treasury yield settling around 4.8% after briefly touching 4.818%, and the 2-year yield declining by approximately 3 basis points to 4.37%. In Europe, German 10-year government bond yields rose to 3.4%, a record high since April 18, 2011, while the spread between French and German 10-year bonds widened to 88 basis points, reaching a high not seen since the 2012 Eurozone debt crisis. Japanese 10-year government bond yields increased to 3.0%, a record high since September 9, 1996, continuing their ascent above 3%.

Major Commodities

Crude oil prices experienced choppy trading but ultimately settled higher, reaching five-week highs as the US-Iran conflict continued to escalate; WTI crude rose 0.6% to $90.7 per barrel, and Brent crude gained 1.04% to $95.63 per barrel. This rise was supported by a surprise draw in US crude oil inventories, which decreased by 4.5 million barrels. Gold prices rebounded by 0.9% to $4435.4 per ounce, snapping a three-day losing streak, benefiting from a weaker US dollar, with the US Dollar Index down -0.1% to 99.6, and easing Treasury yields. Meanwhile, copper prices rose 1.5% to $6.6, and iron ore down -1.6% to 715.0.

Macroeconomics

Geopolitical tensions escalated significantly following U.S. strikes on Iranian targets and reported attacks on oil tankers in the Strait of Hormuz, triggering broad market anxiety. U.S. economic data showed the August ISM Manufacturing PMI decreased to 54.6, with the Prices Paid index remaining high at 71.1, while July JOLTS job openings fell to 7.271 million, indicating some cooling in the labor market. In the Eurozone, August HICP rose to 3.3% year-on-year, its highest since September 2023, though core inflation surprisingly eased to 2.4%, and the July unemployment rate stood at 6.4%. Fed Governor Barr's hawkish comments reinforced concerns about further rate hikes if inflation persists.

Major Stock Markets

Major global stock markets experienced a broad decline, primarily driven by escalating geopolitical tensions in the Middle East, a sharp rise in oil prices, and surging government bond yields which reignited inflation fears. In the U.S., the S&P 500 fell -0.7% to 7631, the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped -0.8% to 52767, and the Nasdaq Composite declined -1.0% to 26100, with technology and growth sectors particularly affected. European equities also closed lower, with the German DAX falling -1.1% to 25970, the UK FTSE 100 down -0.3% to 10789, and the French CAC 40 declining -0.4% to 8302.

Major Government Bonds

Global government bond markets experienced a significant sell-off, pushing yields higher across the board amid renewed inflation concerns and expectations of tighter monetary policy. The U.S. 10-year Treasury yield rose 0.04 percentage points to 4.8%, reaching a record high, while the 30-year yield climbed to approximately 5.3%, touching multi-decade highs. In Europe, the German 10-year bond yield increased 0.01 percentage points to 3.3%, a record high, and the UK 10-year yield surged 16 basis points to 5.22%. Japan's 10-year government bond yield also rose 0.06 percentage points to 3.0%, a record high, reflecting a broad global repricing of interest rate risk.

Major Commodities

Crude oil prices surged dramatically due to escalating geopolitical tensions in the Middle East, including U.S. strikes on Iranian targets and reported attacks on oil tankers in the Strait of Hormuz, fueling concerns about supply disruptions. WTI crude oil futures rose 6.0% to settle at $90.9 per barrel, while Brent crude spiked over 4% to settle around $94 per barrel. Conversely, gold prices were down -2.4% to settle at $4375.7 per ounce, as rising government bond yields and a stronger U.S. dollar, which rose 0.2% to 99.7, weighed on the precious metal.

Job Openings Overview

The latest data from the US Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) indicates that job openings in July were reported at 7,271,000, falling short of the forecasted 7,330,000. This marks a slight increase from the previous month's figure of 7,182,000.

Job Openings Rate

The job openings rate rose slightly to 4.4% from the previous 4.3%.

Components Details

• Quits Rate: The quits rate decreased to 1.9% from the previous 2.0%.
• Hires Rate: The hires rate dropped to 3.2% from 3.4% previously.
• Layoffs Rate: The layoffs rate saw a slight decline to 1.0% from 1.1%.

Highlight

The Institute for Supply Management (ISM) reported that the Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) for August stood at 54.6, a decline from July's 55.6 and below the forecasted 55.2. This indicates a slower growth rate in the manufacturing sector than anticipated.

Components

• New Order: Decreased to 53.7 from 56.7.
• Employment: Dropped to 51.2 from 52.8.
• Supplier Deliveries: Increased slightly to 59.3 from 58.9.
• Customers' Inventories: Rose to 42.8 from 40.7.
• Backlog of Orders: Fell to 51.8 from 55.0.
• Imports: Declined to 52.5 from 55.7.
• Price: Remained unchanged at 71.1.

Macroeconomics

Geopolitical tensions escalated as the U.S. and Iran exchanged military strikes, reigniting inflation concerns. Fed Chair Kevin Warsh's hawkish comments continued to influence markets, with CME FedWatch indicating a 65% probability of a September rate hike. Economic data showed Germany's August HICP annual rate rising to 2.9% from 2.8%, while core HICP remained at 2.4%. China's August Manufacturing PMI improved slightly to 49.8%, still in contraction, and the non-manufacturing PMI held at 49.0. In the U.S., the Dallas Fed Manufacturing Index jumped to 11.6 in August, the highest since January 2025, though its employment index fell and raw materials prices paid index rose.

Major Stock Markets

Major U.S. equity indices closed lower, with the S&P 500 down -0.3% to 7686, the Dow Jones Industrial Average down -0.7% to 53186, and the Nasdaq Composite down -0.1% to 26371. European markets also saw declines, with the Euro Stoxx 50 dropping 1.01% and Germany's DAX down -1.2%. Asian markets were mixed, as Shanghai gained 0.4% and Seoul rose 0.5%, while Tokyo edged lower, down -0.1%, and Hong Kong edged lower, down -0.1%. Energy stocks outperformed due to surging oil prices, but California utilities PG&E and Edison International plunged over 20% each after lawmakers blocked a proposal to shift wildfire liability. Amazon also fell 2.5% following news of an impending FTC antitrust lawsuit.

Major Government Bonds

Government bond yields rose significantly, reflecting increased inflation fears and heightened rate hike expectations. The U.S. 10-year Treasury yield climbed 0.04 percentage points to 4.8%, reaching a record high since January 2025. The German 10-year Bund yield also advanced 0.05 percentage points to 3.3%, marking a record high since April 2011. Yield curves generally steepened as longer-term yields saw larger increases.

Major Commodities

Oil prices surged sharply due to renewed military actions between the U.S. and Iran, which raised concerns about potential supply disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz. WTI crude futures rose 3.4% to $86.2 per barrel, while Brent crude futures gained 2.71% to $90.49 per barrel, pushing Brent back above the $90 mark. Conversely, gold prices fell for a second consecutive day, declining -0.6% to $4501.5 per ounce, pressured by rising bond yields and a stronger outlook for interest rate hikes.

Fed Chair Kevin Warsh delivered hawkish remarks at the Jackson Hole symposium, emphasizing that inflation remains uncomfortably high above the 2% target and policymakers "have work to do" if it doesn't clearly and swiftly move towards that goal. Markets interpreted this as a strong signal for further tightening, with the implied probability of a September rate hike jumping from approximately 35% to around 55-57%. Economic data included a weaker-than-expected Chicago PMI at 47.1, while initial jobless claims came in lower than anticipated at 203,000. Separately, France's August CPI rose to 2.7% and Spain's to 4.5%, a three-year high, further fueling European rate hike expectations. South Korea's central bank also raised rates by 25 basis points to 3% for the second consecutive time.

Major Stock Markets

U.S. equity markets closed lower after Fed Chair Warsh's hawkish comments reversed earlier gains, with the S&P 500 falling down -0.3% to 7712, the Nasdaq down -0.5% to 26402, and the Dow Industrials slightly lower by down -0.0% to 53560. The Russell 2000, sensitive to higher borrowing costs, saw a more significant decline of 1.39%. Despite Friday's dip, major indices ended the week higher, largely supported by strong technology sector performance earlier in the week. However, the semiconductor sector faced renewed pressure, with Nvidia falling 4.57%, while PayPal also saw a significant decline of 12.7% after buyout talks reportedly ended. European markets were mostly higher, while Asian markets finished mixed.

Major Government Bonds

Government bond yields surged, particularly on the short end of the curve, as markets repriced interest rate expectations following the hawkish Fed commentary. The 2-year Treasury yield jumped 0.12 percentage points to 4.35%, while the 10-year Treasury yield rose 0.05 percentage points to 4.7%. This sharp move reflected increased conviction among traders for a September rate hike. Demand for recent Treasury auctions, including two, five, and seven-year notes totaling $183 billion, was mixed, with foreign participation below recent averages.

Major Commodities

Commodity markets saw notable movements, with precious metals experiencing a sharp sell-off. Gold prices tumbled down -3.4% to $4,504.1 per ounce, and Silver dropped around 3.49% to $67.79 per ounce, pressured by the stronger U.S. dollar and rising Treasury yields. In contrast, oil prices remained relatively stable on Friday, with WTI crude closed at $83.4 per barrel, down -0.1%, and Brent crude at $89.31 per barrel, though WTI crude recorded a weekly drop of 4.2% amid reports of increased transit volumes through the Strait of Hormuz.

Highlight

The Eurozone Economic Sentiment Indicator for August reported a figure of 98.4, surpassing both the previous month's 97.1 and the forecasted 97.5. This marks a positive deviation from expectations, indicating a stronger economic sentiment across the Eurozone.

Main Countries and Sectors Details

• Germany: The Economic Sentiment Indicator rose to 94.1, up from 92.8, reaching its highest level since May 2023.
• France: The indicator increased to 98.1 from 95.8.
• Greece: Recorded a slight decrease to 106.9 from 107.5.
• Italy: Saw an increase to 100.5 from 99.7.
• Spain: Dropped to 102.1 from 104.3, marking its lowest level since August 2025.

In terms of sector-specific indicators: - Industrial Confidence improved to -5.3 from -6.1, the highest since April 2023. - Services Confidence rose to 5.8 from 5.1. - Consumer Confidence slightly improved to -15.5 from -15.9. - Retail Confidence increased to -5.7 from -6.8. - Construction Confidence showed a minor improvement to -5.0 from -5.2.

US Stock Market

The US stock market saw a significant drop, with the latest stats at 2.1, down from 3.88, marking the lowest level since September 2020.

Taiwan and China Stock Markets

Taiwan's stock market fell to 1.41 from 1.76, hitting its lowest level since June 2025. Similarly, China's stock market decreased to 1.45 from 2.23, reaching its lowest point since January 2025.

Europe and Japan Stock Markets

Europe's stock market improved to 1.08 from 0.17. Japan's stock market rose slightly to 2.23 from 2.2, achieving its highest level since January 1995.

Emerging Market Stock

Emerging market stocks dropped to 1.28 from 1.73, marking the lowest level since April 2025.

Bond Markets

US bonds increased to 0.79 from 0.55. High yield bonds saw a significant decline to -1.5 from 0.05, reaching the lowest level since June 2023.

Currency Movements

The US Dollar rose slightly to 0.05 from -0.4. The Euro dropped to 1.84 from 2.56, marking its lowest level since February 2025.

Commodity Prices

Oil prices decreased to -3.93 from -4.76. Gold and silver saw increases, with gold at 2.98 from 1.73 and silver at 3.43 from 2.03.

Macroeconomics

US initial jobless claims fell to 203,000, below expectations of 210,000, with continuing claims also declining to 1.78 million, signaling continued labor market resilience. However, the July advanced goods trade deficit widened significantly to $118.8 billion, exceeding both June's $101.4 billion and expectations of $100 billion, driven by robust imports. Several Federal Reserve officials reiterated hawkish stances, emphasizing that current interest rates might not be restrictive enough to curb persistent inflation, ahead of the anticipated Jackson Hole speech by Fed Chair Warsh.

Major Stock Markets

US equity markets closed higher, primarily propelled by a strong rally in technology stocks, as better-than-expected earnings and guidance from major AI chipmakers and software companies reinforced the AI investment theme. The Nasdaq surged 1.6% to 26541, the S&P 500 gained 0.7% to 7731, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 0.2% to 53569, though market breadth was negative with most other sectors declining. International markets generally softened, with European equities mixed as the UK's FTSE 100 was down -0.8% to 10793 and France's CAC 40 was down -1.7% to 8320, while Germany's DAX Index rose 0.3% to 26367. Asian equities were also mixed, with Japan's Nikkei 225 down -0.2% to 66132 and Hong Kong's Hang Seng Index down -0.3% to 25566, while China's CSI 300 rose 0.9% to 4630 and Taiwan's TSEC Weighted Index gained 0.3% to 45975.

Major Government Bonds

US Treasury yields rose across the curve, with the 10-year Treasury yield rising 0.01 percentage points to 4.7% and the 2-year yield increasing to approximately 4.23-4.24%, as hawkish comments from Federal Reserve officials and anticipation of Fed Chair Warsh's speech influenced sentiment. European government bonds also saw yields climb following hawkish European Central Bank minutes, with Germany's 10-year government bond yield up 0.02 percentage points to 3.2%, while Australian bond yields rose sharply, particularly at the short end, on increased expectations for a rate hike by the Reserve Bank of Australia.

Major Commodities

Crude oil prices advanced significantly, with WTI crude settling up 1.8% at $83.7 per barrel and Brent crude gaining 2.12% to $89.70 per barrel, following reports that the Trump administration rejected a return to the June agreement with Iran, fueling geopolitical tensions around the Strait of Hormuz. Gold prices saw a modest increase of 0.0% to $4654.8 per ounce, while Silver surged 2.12%.

Macroeconomics

US inflation data indicated persistent price pressures, with the July headline Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) inflation ticking up to 3.7% year-over-year and core PCE holding steady at 3.3%, both remaining above the Federal Fed's target. This was accompanied by stronger-than-expected personal income and spending, while the second estimate for Q2 GDP remained at 1.5% annualized with upward revisions to consumption. Internationally, Australia also reported slightly higher-than-expected inflation, and Japan's services producer price index accelerated, adding to global central bank tightening concerns ahead of the Jackson Hole Symposium.

Major Stock Markets

Major U.S. equity indices closed modestly lower as investors digested the inflation data and awaited key corporate earnings, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average down -0.2%, the S&P 500 down -0.0%, and the Nasdaq Composite down -0.1%. While European markets were largely mixed, most Asian indices posted gains, though Australia's S&P/ASX 200 bucked the trend with a 0.4% decline. Trading activity remained subdued as market participants exercised caution.

Major Government Bonds

Government bond yields globally moved higher, with U.S. Treasury yields rising across the curve following the inflation report, as the benchmark 10-year yield rose to 4.7% and the 2-year yield rose about 4 basis points to 4.21%. This upward movement in yields was also observed in European and UK bond markets, while Australian bond yields saw a notable increase, particularly in the 3-year tenor, reflecting heightened expectations for further monetary policy tightening.

Major Commodities

Crude oil prices experienced a choppy session before ultimately declining, with WTI crude settling at $81.9 per barrel, down -0.6%. Brent crude settled at approximately $86.37 per barrel, as reports of potential negotiations between Iran and Oman regarding the Strait of Hormuz influenced sentiment. Precious metals also retreated, with gold futures falling -0.8% to $4658.4 per ounce, pressured by a stronger U.S. dollar and rising real yields, while copper prices eased to $6.7, down -0.2%.

Macroeconomics

US August consumer confidence fell to 89.4, the lowest since January, while July new home sales dropped 10.5% month-over-month to an annualized 607,000 units. In Europe, Germany's second-quarter GDP growth was revised up to 0.3% quarter-over-quarter. Canada announced retaliatory tariffs of 15% to 50% on approximately $20 billion worth of US products, escalating trade tensions. Japan's July core CPI, excluding fresh food and special factors, rose 2.3% year-over-year, marking the 22nd consecutive month above the central bank's 2% target.

Major Stock Markets

Global stock markets generally moved higher, driven by easing Middle East geopolitical tensions and a significant drop in oil prices. The S&P 500 gained 0.3% to 7677, the Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 0.3% to 53577, and the Nasdaq Composite advanced 0.7% to 26151. European indices were mostly positive, with the Euro Stoxx 600 up 0.4% and Germany's DAX rising 0.6% to 26266, while France's CAC 40 saw a slight decline, down -0.2% to 8439. Asian markets also saw gains, including Japan's Nikkei 225 up 0.5% to 65856 and South Korea's KOSPI up 0.7% to 6743.

Major Government Bonds

Government bond yields declined across major markets as easing geopolitical tensions and falling oil prices reduced inflation concerns. The US 10-year Treasury yield dropped -0.08 percentage points to 4.6%, and the 2-year Treasury yield fell 6 basis points to 4.174%. German 10-year bond yields also decreased by -0.05 percentage points, settling at 3.2%.

Major Commodities

Oil prices experienced a sharp decline, with WTI crude falling down -4.5% to $81.2 per barrel and Brent crude dropping 3.9% to $88.58 per barrel, driven by reports of de-escalation in the Middle East and progress in US-Iran ceasefire talks. Gold prices saw a modest increase of 0.4% to $4718.0 per ounce, reaching its highest level since May 12, 2026, while copper prices rose 1.7% to $6.7 per pound, reaching a record high.

Macroeconomics

US Treasury Secretary Bessent announced "Operation Economic Outcast," expanding sanctions against nearly 60 Iranian entities, individuals, and vessels, targeting digital assets, technology, gold, aviation, and shipping, and warning that any entity laundering for Iran would be removed from the dollar system. US-Canada trade tensions escalated, with President Trump announcing a 50% tariff on Canadian cars, trucks, auto parts, and steel, effective January 1, 2027. The US Treasury is reportedly considering using its general account (TGA) cash balance, estimated near $1 trillion, to fund buybacks of longer-dated bonds, a move seen as easing pressure on long-end rates. The Chicago Fed National Activity Index for July came in at -0.08, suggesting a slight loss of economic momentum.

Major Stock Markets

US equities were mixed, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average gaining 0.3% to 53417, while the S&P 500 declined -0.3% to 7653 and the Nasdaq Composite fell -0.8% to 25980. Technology and momentum stocks, particularly semiconductors and memory chip producers, were notable laggards, with a memory-chip ETF slumping 5.9% and the Philadelphia Semiconductor Index down -2.7% to 11423. Conversely, sectors like financials, consumer staples, and utilities saw strong upside gains. Asian markets generally weakened, with Hong Kong's Hang Seng Index down -1.9% to 25517 and South Korea's KOSPI falling -3.1% to 6697, while European markets were mixed.

Major Government Bonds

US Treasury yields mostly firmed, with the curve flattening, as reports circulated about the Treasury potentially utilizing its cash balance for bond buybacks. The benchmark 10-year US Treasury yield fell -0.04 percentage points to 4.7%, while the 2-year yield was largely unchanged at approximately 4.23%, and the 30-year yield declined 2-4.6 basis points to about 5.23%.

Major Commodities

Crude oil prices declined, with WTI crude futures settling at $85.1 per barrel, down -2.3%, and Brent crude around $92.00 per barrel, also down over 2%, as initial US sanctions on Iran were perceived as less severe than feared and investors took profits after recent gains. Gold prices advanced, rising 0.7% to settle at $4714.7 per ounce, reaching its highest level since mid-May, driven by geopolitical uncertainty and safe-haven demand, while silver declined over 1%.

Highlight

The August MM Economic Expectation Index for the world stands at 2.55%, showing a slight increase from the previous 2.53%.

Components

• US: The index slightly increased to 2.12% from 2.11%.
• Eurozone: Notable rise to 1.07% from 0.95%.
• Germany: Increase to 1.01% from 0.91%.
• China: Slight decrease to 4.47% from 4.48%.
• Taiwan: Significant decrease to 6.11% from 6.38%.
• India: Decrease to 6.9% from 6.98%.
• Canada: Increase to 1.37% from 1.32%.
• South Korea: Increase to 2.58% from 2.53%.
• Singapore: Increase to 3.3% from 3.08%.
• Malaysia: Increase to 4.58% from 4.54%.

Macroeconomics

US economic data was mixed but generally positive, with August flash PMIs surprising to the upside: the US Composite PMI rose to 56.0, a four-year high, driven by strong services offsetting softer manufacturing. The Eurozone Composite PMI also hit a nine-month high of 52.1, boosted by manufacturing. However, geopolitical tensions escalated as the US announced "severest economic actions" against Iran, threatening consequences for countries maintaining commercial ties, which fueled concerns over global trade and energy supply. The US Treasury unexpectedly doubled its long-dated bond buyback cap to at least $4 billion per operation, aiming to temper rising yields, though market skepticism about its long-term impact on structural deficit pressures was evident.

Major Stock Markets

Major US equity indexes concluded the week lower, marking the first weekly loss since late July, pressured by elevated long-term bond yields and rising oil prices. The S&P 500 fell 1.43%, the Nasdaq declined 2.05%, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average was down 0.85% for the week. While Friday saw a rebound with all major US indices closing higher, the weekly performance reflected investor concerns over inflation and the sustainability of recent AI and momentum trades. European markets were mostly lower for the week, while Asian indices showed mixed performance.

Major Government Bonds

Government bond yields across major economies rose significantly over the week, largely reversing the brief rally sparked by the US Treasury's surprise announcement to double long-dated bond buybacks. The 10-year US Treasury yield climbed 4.1 basis points to settle at 4.7%, while the 30-year yield rose 1.1 basis points to 5.276%, approaching its highest levels since 2007. This upward pressure on yields reflected ongoing market skepticism regarding the efficacy of buybacks in countering fundamental structural pressures from fiscal deficits and increasing debt supply. Germany's 5-year bond yield also touched 3% for the first time since 2008.

Major Commodities

Crude oil prices saw a strong weekly advance, with WTI crude gaining 5.7% to $87.06 per barrel and Brent crude rising 6.63% to $94.39 per barrel, driven by escalating US-Iran tensions and continued supply concerns in the Strait of Hormuz. Precious metals also surged, with gold increasing 5.5% to $4,680.60 per ounce and silver up 6.8%, as investors sought safe havens amid fiscal worries and a weaker US dollar. Bitcoin futures experienced a notable rally, climbing 22% for the week and briefly surpassing $70,000.

Highlight

The Eurozone's Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) for August has shown a stronger performance than anticipated. The Manufacturing PMI rose to 52.8, surpassing both the previous month's 51.9 and the forecast of 51.8, marking the highest level since May 2022. The Services PMI remained steady at 51.7, slightly above the forecast of 51.5. The Composite PMI, which combines both manufacturing and services, increased marginally to 52.1 from 52.0.

European Countries PMI Details

Germany's Manufacturing PMI saw a significant rise to 54.1 from 52.2, indicating robust growth in the sector. However, the Services PMI in Germany declined to 48.5 from 49.8, suggesting a contraction. In France, the Manufacturing PMI improved to 51.5 from 49.8, while the Services PMI decreased to 48.4 from 49.6, reflecting a downturn in the services sector.

Macroeconomics

US economic data presented a mixed picture, with initial jobless claims falling to 206,000, better than consensus, though continuing claims were slightly higher. The August Philadelphia Fed manufacturing index surprised with an increase to 47.4, its highest in over five years, with the employment index also improving, while prices paid and received indices declined. US Treasury Secretary Bessent indicated plans to further expand bond buybacks beyond $4 billion per operation and a new fiscal initiative for consolidation, alongside threatening "unprecedented economic isolation" against Iran. Federal Reserve officials offered varied perspectives, with San Francisco Fed President Daly stating policy is in a "good place" and no need for earlier hikes, while St. Louis Fed President Musalem noted that competition for capital from government financing and AI build-out is affecting the bond market. China's August LPR remained unchanged at 3.0% for the one-year and 3.5% for the five-year. Australian labor market data showed a downside surprise, with employment falling by 15.8k and participation easing by 0.1 percentage points to 66.9%.

Major Stock Markets

Major US equity indices closed lower, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average falling -1.3% to 52759, the S&P 500 declining -0.9% to 7641, and the Nasdaq Composite dropping -1.0% to 26067. The Russell 2000 also saw a significant decline of 1.34%. Walmart's shares plunged over 9% after disappointing earnings, dragging down consumer staples and discretionary sectors, while Moderna's stock retreated over 23% following a previous day's surge. Sector performance was mixed, with energy, agricultural chemicals, rails, exchanges, custody banks, utilities, and insurance outperforming. European markets were mostly down, with the Euro Stoxx 50 falling 0.35% and the German DAX30 down -0.4% to 25983, though the UK FTSE100 edged up 0.0% to 10748. Asian markets generally saw gains, with the Hang Seng Index rising 0.8% to 25699 and the Nikkei 225 up 1.4% to 66217, while mainland Chinese indices also closed higher.

Major Government Bonds

US Treasury yields rose across the curve, reversing much of the previous day's gains, as skepticism grew regarding the long-term impact of the Treasury's expanded buyback program. The 10-year US Treasury yield climbed 0.05 percentage points to 4.7%, while the 30-year US Treasury yield increased 5.7 basis points to 5.248%, nearing its recent 20-year high. The 2-year US Treasury yield also rose 2.8 basis points to 4.19%. The US Dollar Index firmed, gaining 0.0% to 98.8. German 5-year bond yields touched 3% for the first time since 2008, while Japanese government bonds rallied on strong demand.

Major Commodities

Crude oil prices surged significantly, driven by escalating geopolitical tensions following new economic threats from the US against Iran and ongoing concerns over the Strait of Hormuz. WTI crude futures rose 2.3% to $86.4 per barrel, and Brent crude futures climbed 2.4% to $93.78 per barrel, both reaching their highest levels since late July. Gold prices edged higher by 0.7%, settling at $4,576.9 per ounce, benefiting from safe-haven demand amidst global uncertainties and elevated inflation expectations, despite a firmer US dollar. Silver also saw a notable gain of 3.5%, reaching $68.11 per ounce. Bitcoin futures jumped 4.8%, surpassing $72,500.

Macroeconomics

The U.S. Treasury announced it would double its bond buyback operations for 10- to 30-year maturities to at least $4 billion per operation, effective September 9, aiming to support market liquidity. This came as U.S. federal government debt surpassed $40 trillion for the first time. The Federal Reserve's July FOMC minutes indicated that "many" participants viewed inflation as potentially more persistent, with "some" suggesting current financial conditions might not be restrictive enough and noting that AI investments could contribute to higher prices. In Europe, the Eurozone's June current account surplus expanded to 35.1 billion euros, while the UK's July CPI rose 0.3% month-over-month, bringing the annual rate to 2.9%.

Major Stock Markets

U.S. equities saw a modest rebound, with the S&P 500 gaining 0.2% to 7708, the Dow Jones Industrial Average gaining 0.2% to 53463, and the NASDAQ Composite Index gaining 0.2% to 26331, all driven by the U.S. Treasury's bond buyback announcement. The healthcare and biotech sectors significantly outperformed following news of a major breakthrough in an mRNA cancer vaccine trial. Conversely, the semiconductor sector broadly underperformed, down -2.1% to 11738, contributing to a mixed performance in European markets where the Euro Stoxx 50 fell 0.4% and the FTSE 100 gained 0.1% to 10743. Asian markets were mixed, with Japan's Nikkei 225 declining -3.2% to 65326 and Chinese A-shares experiencing a significant sell-off across major indices.

Major Government Bonds

U.S. Treasury yields tumbled, particularly at the longer end of the curve, in response to the U.S. Treasury's announcement of increased bond buyback operations. The benchmark US - 10-Year Treasury Note Yield fell -0.07 percentage points to 4.6%, while the 30-year yield dropped 9 basis points to 5.19%. In contrast, the German 10-year bund yield remained stable at 3.3%, a record high since May 2011, and the Japan 10-year Government Bond Yield decreased by -0.04 percentage points to 2.9%.

Major Commodities

Gold prices surged significantly, rising 3.6% to settle above $4579.8 per ounce, reaching its highest level since early June, primarily driven by a weaker U.S. dollar and declining Treasury yields. Crude oil prices continued their upward trend for a fourth consecutive session, with WTI Crude Oil settling around $84.5 per barrel, up 0.5%, and Brent Crude Oil around $91.62 per barrel, as tensions in the Middle East persisted. US - Crude Oil Inventories reportedly increased by 4.4 million barrels last week.

Macroeconomics

Macroeconomic data presented a mixed picture in the US, with July Housing Starts falling by 12.4% while Housing Permits rose by 5.0%. Import prices decreased by 0.4% and export prices by 1.3% in July, while industrial output saw a modest 0.2% increase. In Europe, Germany's ZEW Economic Confidence Index improved to 34.2 in August, surpassing expectations. However, the UK labor market showed signs of cooling, with private sector regular wages growing at 2.8% year-over-year, the slowest pace since October 2020. Geopolitical tensions in the Middle East remained elevated, with continued US-Iran stalemate, accusations of missile launches, and suspended trade relations, fueling broader inflation concerns.

Major Stock Markets

Major global stock markets largely closed lower for a third consecutive day, with the tech-heavy Nasdaq Composite declining by -1.3% to 26290, the S&P 500 down -0.7% to 7692, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average down -0.2% to 53343. The semiconductor sector was particularly hard hit, with the PHLX Semi Index falling down -5.0% to 11993, as concerns over AI investment debt and rising bond yields pressured rate-sensitive technology stocks. European equities also saw broad declines, with the Euro Stoxx 600 down 0.7%, though the UK FTSE 100 managed a slight gain of 0.1% to 10728. Asian markets were mixed, with Japan's Nikkei falling down -2.5% to 67461, while China's Shanghai Composite fell down -0.3% to 4726 and Hong Kong's Hang Seng posted marginal gains of 0.1% to 25471.

Major Government Bonds

Global government bond markets experienced a significant sell-off, pushing yields to multi-year highs. The US 30-year Treasury yield surged to 5.3371% intraday, its highest since 2007, before paring losses to close at 5.2868%, while the 10-year yield also saw an intraday peak of 4.7478% before settling down -0.02 percentage points to 4.7%. In Europe, Germany's 10-year bond yield rose 0.04 percentage points to 3.3%, reaching its highest level since 2011, and the UK 10-year Gilt yield increased by 2 basis points to 5.08%. Japanese 10-year government bond yields also climbed 0.03 percentage points to 3.0%, reaching a 30-year high, reflecting widespread concerns over inflation, fiscal deficits, and increased capital demand.

Major Commodities

Commodity markets saw crude oil prices extend their gains for a third straight session, driven by persistent Middle East geopolitical tensions and concerns over supply disruptions. WTI crude rose 0.9% to $84.5 per barrel, and Brent crude increased 0.17% to $91.02 per barrel, reaching a three-week high. Conversely, precious metals declined significantly, with spot gold falling down -1.8% to $4394.2 per ounce and spot silver dropping 3.72% to $63.34 per ounce, as surging bond yields and a firmer US dollar reduced their appeal.

Macroeconomics

Global economic data presented a mixed picture, with China's July industrial production slowing to 4.5% year-on-year and retail sales to 0.6% year-on-year, alongside a 19.2% decline in China Real Estate Investment. In contrast, the US saw its August Empire manufacturing index rise to 20.6, the highest since December 2021, and NAHB builder confidence increased to 35. Canada's July CPI also edged up to 3.0% year-on-year.

Major Stock Markets

Major global stock markets were largely subdued, with US equities closing lower as the S&P 500 fell -0.5% to 7745 and Dow Industrial Average fell -0.5% to 53460, and the Nasdaq Composite dipped -0.3% to 26645. European indices also saw declines, with the Euro Stoxx 600 down 0.2%. Sentiment was primarily weighed down by escalating geopolitical tensions in the Middle East and rising bond yields, though semiconductor and AI hardware-related stocks showed notable strength. Asian markets, however, generally outperformed, with the Hang Seng Index rising 1.3% to 25453 and Japan's Nikkei 225 gaining 0.7% to 69220.

Major Government Bonds

Government bond markets experienced a significant sell-off, particularly in the US, where the 10-year Treasury yield rose 0.02 percentage points to 4.7% and the 30-year Treasury yield surged to 5.31%, marking a 19-year high. This upward pressure on yields was attributed to heightened inflation expectations driven by rising oil prices, alongside ongoing concerns about increased government and corporate supply. Notably, China, Japan, and the UK all reduced their holdings of US Treasuries in June, with China's holdings reaching a 2008 low.

Major Commodities

Commodity markets were dominated by a sharp rise in oil prices, as geopolitical tensions in the Middle East intensified following the expiration of the US-Iran ceasefire memorandum and renewed threats. WTI crude settled up 3.5% at $84.3 per barrel, while Brent crude surged 2.65% to $90.87 per barrel, crossing the $90 mark for the first time in three weeks. Gold prices also advanced, gaining 0.8% to $4472.8 per ounce, as investors sought safe-haven assets amidst the heightened uncertainty.

Macroeconomics

US July retail sales unexpectedly fell 0.6%, the largest dip since May 2025, and preliminary August Michigan consumer sentiment also declined to 51.0 from July's 55.2. Despite this weaker data, July core CPI was inline and core PPI was cooler than expected, easing pressure on the Federal Reserve's rate hike outlook, with markets now pricing in a 28% chance of a September rate hike, down from 44% a week ago. The University of Michigan's 1-year inflation outlook rose slightly to 4.3% from 4.2%. In China, July social financing was 1.41 trillion yuan, RMB loans decreased by 340 billion yuan, and M2 grew 7.7%.

Major Stock Markets

US equities closed mostly lower on Friday, with the S&P 500 down -0.2% to 7786, the Nasdaq down -0.3% to 26729, and the Dow down -0.2% to 53732. Despite Friday's dip, the S&P 500 still managed a 0.4% gain for the week, marking its third consecutive weekly advance, and the Russell 2000 reached a new all-time high. The AI and memory chip sectors saw continued strong performance, with some individual names making significant moves, while broader tech was mixed. Chinese equities and Hong Kong markets experienced a mixed day, with some major tech companies seeing declines.

Major Government Bonds

US Treasury yields rose on Friday despite weaker economic data, with the 10-year Treasury yield up 0.05 percentage points to 4.7% and the 2-year yield up 3.1 basis points to 4.17%. The 30-year US Treasury yield ended the week above 5.25%, reaching its highest level since 2007, reflecting broader supply concerns and global yield increases. Longer-dated bond yields in the UK, Germany, and France also hit multi-year highs, with Germany's 10-year government bond yield rising 0.06 percentage points to 3.2%. In contrast, China's 10-year government bond yield fell down -0.01 percentage points to 1.7%, a record low since July 2025, amidst central bank liquidity operations.

Major Commodities

WTI crude oil prices up 1.4% to $82.4 per barrel on Friday, with Brent crude oil up 1.67% to $88.52 per barrel, driven by ongoing Middle East tensions. Gold prices saw a modest gain up 0.3% to $4432.0 per ounce, while silver also edged higher. The US Dollar Index fell down -0.3% to 99.7 following the disappointing retail sales data. Bitcoin continued its decline, down -1.0%.

Retail Sales Overview

The latest report on US retail sales for July indicates a decline, with the month-on-month (MoM) figure at -0.58%, down from the previous 0.25% and missing the forecast of 0.1%. This marks the lowest level since May 2025. Year-on-year (YoY), retail sales grew by 5.01%, compared to 6.75% previously.

Retail Sales Control Group

The retail sales control group, which excludes certain volatile items, also saw a decrease. The MoM figure is -0.49%, down from the previous 0.48% and below the forecast of 0.3%, marking the lowest level since January 2025. The YoY growth stands at 4.56%, down from 6.16%.

Components Details

Motor Vehicle sales showed a significant drop with a YoY growth of 1.86%, down from 6.27%. Sporting Goods saw a YoY growth of 10.14%, down from 12.59%. Electronics Appliance sales grew by 4.71%, down from 7.0%. Furniture sales declined with a YoY change of -1.22%, compared to -0.19% previously. Gasoline Stations experienced a YoY growth of 16.17%, down from 19.09%. Nonstore Retailers saw a notable decrease in growth, with a YoY figure of 7.7%, down from 12.42%.

Macroeconomics

US inflation data showed further signs of cooling, with July headline Producer Price Index (PPI) flat at 0.0% month-over-month, below the 0.2% consensus, and the core PPI rising 0.2%, also below expectations. The annualized core PPI decreased by 0.5 percentage points to 4.2%, its lowest level since March. Initial jobless claims rose to 209,000, exceeding consensus estimates, while continuing claims declined. Federal Reserve officials presented mixed views, with Cleveland Fed President Mester advocating for immediate rate hikes, while Richmond Fed President Barkin questioned the necessity of further increases. Market expectations for a September rate hike remained around 34%, but the total hikes priced through year-end fell to 24 basis points, the lowest since mid-June, indicating reduced conviction for further tightening.

Major Stock Markets

Major global stock markets generally advanced, with US equities closing mostly higher as a risk-on sentiment prevailed, fueled by cooling inflation data and falling oil prices. The S&P 500 index rose 0.6% to a new record close of 7799, while the Nasdaq Composite gained 0.8% to 26803 and the Dow Jones Industrial Average added 0.1% to 53840. Technology and AI-related sectors, particularly memory chip makers, showed strong performance, with SanDisk surging over 13% after its investor day projections, and Workday jumping on M&A talks. European markets were mixed, with the Euro Stoxx 50 seeing modest gains while the UK's FTSE 100 was down -0.6% to 10773. Asian markets varied, with Japan's Nikkei 225 up 1.2% to 68309 and South Korea's KOSPI surging 3.6% to 6813, while Chinese indices like the Shanghai Shenzhen CSI 300 were down -0.6% to 4664 and the Hong Kong Hang Seng Index was down -0.2% to 25397.

Major Government Bonds

Global government bond yields generally declined, with US Treasuries firming across the curve as softer inflation data reduced expectations for aggressive Federal Reserve rate hikes. The 10-year US Treasury yield was down -0.05 percentage points to 4.6%, and the 2-year yield dropped by around 5-6 basis points to 4.14%. However, a $25 billion auction of 30-year notes saw weak demand, with the yield reaching 5.216%, the highest at a long bond auction since 2001. European bond yields also saw modest declines, with Germany's 10-year government bond yield down -0.02 percentage points to 3.1%, while Japanese 10-year government bond yields edged up 0.02 percentage points to 2.9% following speculation of faster rate hikes by the Bank of Japan.

Major Commodities

Oil prices experienced a notable decline, with WTI crude was down -2.6% to settle at $81.1 per barrel and Brent crude also dropping over 2% to approximately $87.07 per barrel. This downturn was attributed to weaker global demand forecasts and a significant increase in US crude inventories, despite ongoing geopolitical tensions around the Strait of Hormuz. Gold prices were down -1.3% to settle at $4409.6 per ounce due to profit-taking, after reaching two-month highs. Silver also saw a similar percentage decline, while copper was down -0.1% to $6.6 and iron ore was up 0.7% to $710.5.

Macroeconomics

US July Consumer Price Index (CPI) data showed a modest increase, with the annual rate at 3.4% (matching expectations and down from 3.5% in June) and the monthly rate at 0.1%. Core CPI also moderated to 2.5% year-over-year (matching expectations and down from 2.6% in June) and 0.2% month-over-month, easing pressure on the Federal Reserve for a September rate hike, with market expectations for such a move falling to around 40-45%. Separately, the US July budget deficit widened significantly to $432 billion, exceeding estimates. In China, the central bank's Q2 monetary policy report emphasized timely, pragmatic incremental policies and increased counter-cyclical adjustment.

Major Stock Markets

Major global stock markets were mixed, with US indices generally higher as AI-related tech stocks drove gains following upbeat earnings and forecasts from semiconductor and AI cloud companies. The S&P 500 rose 0.3% to 7748 and the Nasdaq Composite gained 0.5% to 26588, while the Dow Jones Industrial Average saw a marginal decline to 53770. European equities closed lower across the board, with the Euro Stoxx 50 down 0.26% and the German DAX30 fell down -0.2% to 26331. In Asia, the KOSPI surged 3.7% to 6579 on AI optimism, the Nikkei 225 gained 0.8% to 67524, while Hong Kong's Hang Seng index fell down -0.8% to 25440 and mainland Chinese A-shares closed higher, with the CSI 300 Index gaining 0.5% to 4688, led by computing power hardware and optical fiber sectors.

Major Government Bonds

US Treasury yields saw initial declines following the benign CPI report, which tempered expectations for aggressive Fed tightening, before partially recovering. The 10-year US Treasury yield closed at 4.7%, while the 2-year yield settled near 4.21%. A 10-year Treasury auction drew a high yield of 4.683%, the highest since 2007. Futures markets adjusted, pricing in a reduced probability for a Fed rate hike in September. Chinese government bond yields saw a modest rally, with the 10-year yield closing at 1.7% and the 30-year at 2.158%.

Major Commodities

Oil prices traded in a narrow range before ending lower, influenced by ongoing uncertainty surrounding the Strait of Hormuz, a larger-than-expected build in US crude inventories, and OPEC's revised global demand outlook. WTI crude settled down -0.7% at $82.6 per barrel, and Brent crude fell 0.66% to $88.38 per barrel. Gold prices rose, gaining 0.5% to close at $4462.7 per ounce as the softer inflation data bolstered expectations for a stable interest rate environment. Silver also saw a notable increase of 1.00% to $65.33 per ounce, while copper fell down -0.1% to $6.6 on softer Chinese demand.

Highlight

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) for July in the United States showed a slower-than-expected increase. The CPI (NSA, YoY) recorded a 3.36% rise, down from the previous 3.53% and below the forecast of 3.4%. The CPI (SA, MoM) rose by 0.07%, compared to a previous decline of 0.42% and a forecast of 0.1%. Core CPI (NSA, YoY) was at 2.48%, slightly lower than the previous 2.59% and the expected 2.5%. Meanwhile, Core CPI (SA, MoM) increased by 0.22%, surpassing the forecast of 0.2% and the previous decrease of 0.02%.

Components

Energy prices saw a significant decline, with a YoY increase of 14.45%, down from 15.45%. Medical Care Commodities decreased by 2.71%, compared to a previous drop of 2.06%. Education & Communication rose by 0.55%, recovering from a previous decline of 0.06%. Transportation services saw a YoY increase of 2.9%, down from 3.24%. Shelter costs rose by 3.16%, slightly lower than the previous 3.26%. Housing increased by 3.25%, compared to 3.32% previously. Medical Care Services saw a YoY increase of 2.65%, down from 2.92%.

Macroeconomics

Anticipation for the upcoming US July Consumer Price Index (CPI) data dominated macroeconomic sentiment, with expectations for a 0.1% month-over-month increase and a 3.4% year-over-year rise in headline inflation, while core CPI is projected at 0.2% and 2.5% respectively. The NFIB Small Business Optimism Index rose 2.4 points to 99.8, reaching its highest level since August 2025. Meanwhile, US - ADP Nonfarm Employment weekly private payrolls showed a sixth consecutive deceleration, averaging 8,250 jobs over the prior four weeks, the lowest since January. US July Existing Home Sales fell 1.7% to an annualized rate of 4.06 million units, the slowest pace since April, with the median home price at $434,100, up 2.0% from July 2025. Federal Reserve officials continued to highlight inflation as a primary concern, while China's Consumer Price Index [CPI] and Producer Price Index [PPI] for Industrial Products slowed sharply in July.

Major Stock Markets

US equity markets largely closed lower, with the S&P 500 declining -0.3% to 7728, the Dow Jones Industrial Average falling -0.3% to 53792, and the NASDAQ Composite Index dropping -0.6% to 26445, as investors remained cautious ahead of inflation data and amid geopolitical uncertainties. Conversely, the iShares Russell 2000 ETF (IWM) bucked the trend, gaining 0.32%. European markets were mixed, with the Euro Stoxx 600 flat, Germany DAX Index up 0.3% to 26391, a record high since November 1990, and the FTSE 100 down -0.2% to 10844. Asian markets also saw mixed performance, notably with Japan Nikkei 225 Index rising 2.1%, while Hong Kong Hang Seng Index fell -1.2% to 25637. Semiconductor and data center-related stocks performed strongly, driven by positive AI infrastructure news, though several large technology companies experienced declines.

Major Government Bonds

Government bond markets saw yields edge lower, with the US - 10-Year Treasury Note Yield down -0.01 percentage points to 4.7% and the US 2-year Treasury Note Yield down 3 basis points to 4.21%. Demand for US government debt was evident as a $58 billion auction of three-year notes stopped through by 0.5 basis points. European bond yields also declined, with the Germany 10-year Bond Yield down -0.02 percentage points to 3.2% and the UK 10-Year Government Bond Yield falling 2 basis points to 4.96%.

Major Commodities

Oil prices extended gains, driven by persistent geopolitical tensions in the Middle East, particularly concerns over the IMF - Strait of Hormuz - Daily Transit Calls & Transit Trade Volume remaining closed until Iran's conditions are met. US WTI Crude Oil Futures rose 1.6% to settle at $83.4 per barrel, while Brent Crude Oil advanced 1.4% to $88.91 per barrel. US Gold Futures finished up 0.3% at $4433.0 per ounce after earlier touching a two-month high, while Silver also declined by 1.6%.

Macroeconomics

US-Iran tensions escalated as both sides demanded compensation, casting doubt on the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz and driving oil prices higher. This reignited inflation concerns, with Cleveland Fed President Hammack suggesting multiple rate hikes might be needed to bring inflation down. Meanwhile, the US Strategic Petroleum Reserve fell below 300 million barrels for the first time since 1983. In Asia, China's CPI inflation eased to a six-month low of 0.5% year-on-year in July, and PPI also moderated to 3.5% year-on-year.

Major Stock Markets

Major global stock markets showed mixed performance, with US indices closing slightly lower as technology shares underperformed. The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell -0.1% to 53976, the S&P 500 declined -0.1% to 7753, and the Nasdaq Composite dropped -0.3% to 26605, partly due to weakness in chipmakers following Intel's $15 billion stock offering and news of Nvidia's large AI infrastructure financing plans. European markets were also mixed, while most Asian markets, including Japan's Nikkei 225 rose 2.1% to 66970 and Hong Kong's Hang Seng Index rose 1.1% to 25938, saw gains.

Major Government Bonds

Government bond yields rebounded across major markets as rising oil prices renewed inflation fears. The benchmark 10-year US Treasury yield climbed 0.05 percentage points to 4.7%, with the 2-year yield also rising to 4.2430%, reversing some of the previous session's gains that followed weaker US jobs data. European bond yields also increased, with the UK 10-year Gilt yield jumping and the German 10-year Bund yield rising 0.05 percentage points to 3.2%, reflecting broader market concerns about persistent price pressures.

Major Commodities

Oil prices surged significantly, with WTI crude jumped 5.2% to $82.2 per barrel and Brent crude rising 6.71% to $86.96 per barrel, driven by heightened geopolitical tensions between the US and Iran and uncertainty surrounding the Strait of Hormuz. Gold extended its rally, touching a nine-week high with a 1.2% increase to $4451.2 per ounce, while silver also saw a substantial gain of 3.38%. European natural gas prices also saw a notable increase, rising over 10%.

Macroeconomics

The US labor market showed unexpected weakness as July non-farm payrolls contracted by 23,000, significantly missing the +80,000 expectation and marking the first decline since February. Revisions for May and June also reduced prior figures by a combined 103,000. Despite this, the unemployment rate dropped to 4.1%, partly due to a decreased labor force participation rate. Average hourly earnings rose by a modest 0.1% month-over-month and 3.2% year-over-year. Initial jobless claims remained low at 199,000. Meanwhile, July ISM manufacturing surpassed expectations, reaching its highest level since May 2022, while ISM services remained in expansion but slightly underperformed forecasts. China's July exports surged by 23.9% year-over-year, and imports increased by 27.5%.

Major Stock Markets

Global equity markets reacted positively to the weaker US jobs report, which eased fears of aggressive Fed rate hikes. Major US indices saw significant gains, with the S&P 500 closing at a record high of 7758, up 0.6%, while the Nasdaq climbed 1.3% to 26691 and the Dow Industrials rose 0.3% to 54037. Technology and software sectors were notable outperformers, buoyed by strong earnings reports. Conversely, energy and some defensive sectors lagged. European stock markets mostly closed higher, while Asian markets showed mixed performance, with some A-share sectors rising and Hong Kong stocks saw the Hang Seng Index rise 0.5% to 25668.

Major Government Bonds

US Treasury prices surged across the curve, leading to a notable decline in yields as the weak jobs data significantly reduced expectations for a September Federal Reserve rate hike. The benchmark 10-year Treasury yield fell by -0.02 percentage points to 4.6%, while the more policy-sensitive 2-year Treasury yield dropped by 8.7 basis points to 4.203%. The 30-year bond yield also retreated from its post-2007 highs. The Treasury's quarterly refunding announcement offered no surprises, maintaining stable issuance levels.

Major Commodities

Precious metals experienced a strong rally, with gold surging 2.4% to settle at $4401.3 per ounce, marking its best weekly performance since January. Silver also saw a substantial increase of 9.8% for the week, settling at $63.50 per ounce, its best since February. In contrast, crude oil prices declined significantly, with WTI crude settling down -0.3% at $77.1 per barrel, and Brent crude falling 4.9% to $83.55 per barrel, both recording their second consecutive weekly declines. Bitcoin also rose by 1.0% to $64899.1.

Highlight

The US July job report revealed a surprising decline in nonfarm payrolls, with a decrease of 23,000 jobs, falling short of the forecasted increase of 85,000. This marks a significant drop from the previous month's increase of 20,000 jobs. Meanwhile, the unemployment rate improved slightly to 4.1%, down from the previous 4.2% and below the forecasted 4.2%, reaching its lowest level since January 2025.

Components

• Construction saw a notable increase, adding 22,000 jobs compared to the previous 5,000.
• Retail Trade experienced a significant decline, losing 19,400 jobs, a sharp drop from the previous decrease of 3,700.
• Transportation rebounded with an increase of 9,700 jobs, compared to a loss of 11,400 in the previous month.
• Information sector showed a positive turnaround, adding 11,000 jobs after a previous decline of 13,000.
• Financial Activities reported a substantial decrease, losing 14,000 jobs compared to a previous loss of 2,000.
• Leisure & Hospitality continued to decline, losing 40,000 jobs, though slightly better than the previous month's loss of 43,000.
• Government sector faced a significant reduction, losing 53,000 jobs compared to a previous loss of 10,000.

Macroeconomics

Middle East geopolitical tensions escalated significantly, with Iran proposing to ban U.S. and Israeli vessels from the Strait of Hormuz and reports of Iranian strikes near the strait, fueling concerns over global energy supply and inflation. This comes as Federal Reserve officials, including Chairman Warsh, indicated readiness to raise interest rates in September if inflation data proves strong. Economic data showed U.S. initial jobless claims at 199,000, slightly below consensus, while Q2 non-farm productivity rose 1.4% and unit labor costs increased 1.3%. Separately, China initiated a national security investigation into imported printing and copying equipment, and imposed sanctions on several U.S. entities.

Major Stock Markets

Major U.S. stock indices closed lower, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average falling -0.8% to 53885, ending a five-day winning streak, the S&P 500 declining -0.2% to 7710, and the Nasdaq Composite down -0.1% to 26348, marking a second consecutive day of losses for the latter two. The Russell 2000 also fell 0.58%. The technology sector saw mixed performance, with some memory chip stocks experiencing significant declines following earnings reports, while the broader chip index showed slight gains, up 0.3% to 12049. European equities were mostly positive, with the Euro Stoxx 600 gaining 0.2% to a new historical high, though the UK FTSE 100 dipped -0.2% to 10868. Asian markets were broadly lower, with South Korea's Kospi plunging -4.6% to 6296 and Hong Kong's Hang Seng Index dropping -1.5% to 25530.

Major Government Bonds

Government bond yields rose across the board, reflecting increased inflation concerns stemming from higher oil prices and renewed expectations for a Federal Reserve rate hike. The U.S. 10-year Treasury yield climbed by 0.06 percentage points to settle at 4.7%, and the 2-year Treasury yield also increased by about 7 basis points to 4.25%. European government bonds followed suit, with the German 10-year Bund yield rising 0.02 percentage points to 3.1% and the UK 10-year Gilt yield up 5 basis points to 4.94%. The U.S. Dollar Index strengthened by 0.3% to 100.0.

Major Commodities

Oil prices surged significantly due to heightened Middle East tensions, with Brent crude jumping approximately 4.9% to $82.77 per barrel and WTI crude rising about 3.8% to $78.1 per barrel. This rally was driven by reports of Iran's proposed restrictions on shipping in the Strait of Hormuz for U.S. and Israeli vessels, alongside reports of Iranian military action in the area. In other commodities, gold prices edged lower by -0.2% to $4295.6 per ounce, snapping a three-day advance, while silver also fell by 1.1%.

Macroeconomics

US economic data presented a mixed picture, with the 7月 ISM services PMI slightly up to 54.1 but its employment component contracting to 47.4 and prices paid remaining high at 70.3. The 7月 ADP private payrolls significantly missed expectations, adding only 4.4万人, the weakest gain since January. Federal Reserve officials continued to signal a readiness to raise rates if inflation does not recede. In Europe, the Euro Area PPI declined 0.3% in June, slowing the annual rate to 4.6%, while France's central government fiscal deficit reached approximately 107 billion Euros by June end, raising concerns about its full-year deficit potentially reaching 8% of GDP. Japan's scheduled cash earnings rose 3.4% year-over-year in June, marking the sixth consecutive month of over 3% growth.

Major Stock Markets

Major global stock markets showed mixed performance, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average up 0.5% to a new record high of 54349, while the S&P 500 down -0.2% to 7724 and Nasdaq Composite down -0.8% to 26363 respectively, ending their four-day rallies. This divergence was largely driven by sector-specific dynamics, as strong earnings from healthcare and traditional industries supported the Dow, while significant declines in several prominent technology and AI-related stocks, including Alphabet and AMD, weighed heavily on the Nasdaq. European indices were mostly flat to slightly lower, with the Stoxx 600 Index closing unchanged at a new historical high, while Asian markets generally saw gains, notably in Japan, where the Nikkei 225 rose 3.7% to 66300, and South Korea, with the KOSPI Index up 3.8% to 6598.

Major Government Bonds

US Treasury yields edged lower, with the benchmark 10-year yield down -0.01 percentage points to 4.6% and the 2-year yield slightly lower at 4.192%. In Europe, the German 10-year Bund yield edged down -0.01 percentage points to 3.1%, while the UK 10-year Gilt yield saw a minor decline. Japanese government bond yields also edged lower, with the 10-year JGB yield down -0.04 percentage points to 2.8%. The stability in bond markets came as investors processed mixed economic data and awaited further developments on geopolitical tensions.

Major Commodities

International oil prices traded in a narrow range, with WTI crude settling down -0.9% at $75.1 per barrel and Brent crude near $79.45 per barrel, as conflicting reports regarding the Strait of Hormuz and ongoing geopolitical tensions created volatility. Gold experienced a significant surge, climbing up 3.7% to settle around $4306.9 per ounce, marking its largest daily gain since February, supported by a weaker US Dollar and an easing of some geopolitical risk premiums. Silver also saw a strong increase, while copper prices advanced, up 2.0% to $6.8 per pound, reaching a record high since July 1959.

Highlight

The ISM Services PMI for July was reported at 54.1, slightly below the forecast of 54.5 but marginally higher than the previous month's 54.0. Despite falling short of expectations, the index remains above the 50 mark, indicating continued expansion in the services sector since May 2025.

Components

Business Activity saw a significant increase, rising to 59.1 from 55.4. New Orders also experienced growth, reaching 57.2 compared to the previous 55.1. Employment, however, declined to 47.4 from 51.2, indicating contraction in hiring. Supplier Deliveries improved slightly to 52.8 from 54.4. Prices rose to 70.3 from 67.7, suggesting increased cost pressures. The Backlog of Orders decreased to 50.9 from 54.9, while New Export Orders increased to 52.0 from 50.4. Imports rose to 51.8 from 49.4, indicating higher demand for foreign goods. Inventory Sentiment remained relatively stable at 52.5, compared to the previous 52.6.

Employment Growth Falls Short

The latest ADP Nonfarm Employment report for July showed a monthly change of 44,000, significantly lower than the forecasted 68,000 and the previous month's 95,000. This indicates a slower pace of job growth than anticipated.

Salary Growth

The median salary for job stayers saw a YoY increase of 4.4%, consistent with the previous month. Meanwhile, job changers experienced a YoY median salary growth of 7.0%, slightly up from 6.8% in the prior period.

Components Details

• Leisure and Hospitality experienced a decline, with a change of -11,000 compared to the previous 2,000.
• Natural Resources and Mining also saw a decrease, reporting -6,000, down from -5,000.
• Trade, Transportation, and Utilities reported a decline of -8,000, contrasting with the previous month's 15,000.
• Education and Health Services added 36,000 jobs, down from 48,000 previously.
• Professional and Business Services saw an increase, reporting 9,000 compared to the previous 3,000.

Macroeconomics

Reports of significant progress in US-Iran talks regarding a potential agreement to reopen the Strait of Hormuz eased geopolitical risks and inflation concerns, with US Treasury Secretary Bessent indicating a deal could be imminent. Economic data showed the US labor market cooling, as June JOLTS job openings decreased by 178,000 to 7.359 million, falling below expectations. The US trade deficit narrowed to $73.3 billion in June, while factory orders unexpectedly declined by 0.3%. Philadelphia Fed President Paulson stated an open mind on future rate paths, considering current policy "mildly restrictive."

Major Stock Markets

Global stock markets experienced a broad rally, with US indices reaching new record highs as the S&P 500 surged 1.8% to a record high of 7736, the Dow Jones Industrial Average gained 1.7% to a record high of 54086, and the Nasdaq Composite climbed 2.6% to 26585. This robust performance was driven by optimism over easing Middle East tensions, strong corporate earnings, particularly in the technology and AI sectors, and falling oil prices. European markets also closed higher, with the Dow Jones Euro Stoxx 600 index rising 0.7% to a new historical peak, and Asian markets generally posted gains, though Hong Kong's Hang Seng index fell down -0.6% to 25853.

Major Government Bonds

Major government bond yields declined across the board as improved risk sentiment and reduced inflation fears, stemming from lower oil prices and easing geopolitical tensions, tempered expectations for future interest rate hikes. The US 10-year Treasury yield fell down -0.07 percentage points to 4.6%, while the 2-year yield dropped 5 basis points to 4.19%. Similarly, the German 10-year Bund yield fell down -0.04 percentage points to 3.1%, and the UK 10-year Gilt yield fell 6 basis points, reflecting a global trend of lower borrowing costs.

Major Commodities

International crude oil prices experienced a sharp decline, with WTI crude falling down -6.4% to $75.2 per barrel and Brent crude dropping 5.55% to $78.42 per barrel, as hopes for a diplomatic resolution to the Strait of Hormuz standoff alleviated supply disruption concerns. Gold prices rose 1.1% to $4134.0 per ounce, supported by lower bond yields and a softer US dollar, while silver also saw a significant gain of 2.29%. In industrial metals, LME three-month copper advanced 1.4%, surpassing the $14,000 mark.

Job Openings Decline

The latest JOLTS report reveals that job openings in the United States decreased to 7,359,000 in June, falling short of the forecasted 7,440,000 and down from the previous month's 7,537,000. This marks a notable decline in job openings, suggesting a potential cooling in the labor market.

Job Openings Rate

The job openings rate also saw a slight decrease, moving from 4.5% in the previous month to 4.4% in June.

Components Details

• Quits Rate: Remained steady at 2.0%.
• Hires Rate: Increased slightly to 3.4% from 3.3%.
• Layoffs Rate: Unchanged at 1.1%.

Macroeconomics

US ISM Manufacturing PMI rose to 55.6 in July, exceeding expectations of 54.0 and reaching its highest level in over two years, with the employment index expanding for the first time in nearly 33 months. New York Fed President Williams expressed optimism that inflation would ease in the second half of 2026, stating that current monetary policy is well-positioned. The US Treasury upwardly revised its third-quarter borrowing estimate to $739 billion, an increase of $68 billion from its May projection. Meanwhile, Germany's June real retail sales unexpectedly fell by 1.1%, and China's RatingDog Manufacturing PMI for July registered 50.9, continuing its expansion.

Major Stock Markets

Major US equity indices surged, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average closing at a new record high of 53178, up 1.3%. The S&P 500 gained 1.5% to 7601, nearing its all-time closing high, while the Nasdaq Composite advanced 2.1% to 25914. This broad rally was largely driven by easing geopolitical tensions and strong performance in technology and communication services sectors. European markets were mostly positive, with Germany's DAX rising 1.5% to 26001, a record high, and France's CAC 40 up 1.2% to 8614, reaching its highest level since February 2026, though the UK's FTSE 100 edged down -0.1% to 10858. In Asia, South Korea's KOSPI experienced a significant decline of down -5.1% to 6258, while Hong Kong's Hang Seng Index saw a modest gain of 0.5% to 26009.

Major Government Bonds

Government bond yields broadly declined across major economies as market concerns over inflation eased. The benchmark US 10-year Treasury yield fell down -0.06 percentage points to 4.7%, with the 2-year and 30-year yields also decreasing by 5 basis points and 4 basis points, respectively. Similarly, German 10-year Bund yields dropped down -0.05 percentage points to 3.2%, and UK 10-year gilt yields saw a more substantial fall of 10 basis points to 4.95%. In contrast, Japanese 10-year government bond yields edged up 0.03 percentage points to 2.8%. The US Dollar Index rose 0.1% to 100.0, after some earlier volatility.

Major Commodities

International oil prices plummeted significantly as geopolitical tensions in the Middle East eased following reports of de-escalation efforts. WTI crude futures closed down -5.5% at $80.0 per barrel, and Brent crude futures fell 4.73% to $83.77 per barrel. Gold prices were largely unchanged, settling at $4,106.0 per ounce, while silver saw a modest gain. Copper also advanced 1.7% to $6.5, reflecting a general improvement in risk sentiment across commodity markets.

ISM Manufacturing PMI Overview

The Institute for Supply Management (ISM) reported that the Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) for July rose to 55.6, surpassing both the previous month's reading of 53.3 and the forecast of 54.0. This marks the highest level since May 2022, indicating a robust expansion in the manufacturing sector.

Components Details

• Production: The production index jumped to 58.5, up from 52.2, reaching its highest level since December 2021.
• Employment: The employment index increased to 52.8 from 49.7, marking its highest point since August 2022.
• Customers' Inventories: This index decreased to 40.7 from 42.3, suggesting that customers' inventories are considered too low.
• Price: The price index fell to 71.1 from 73.0, indicating a slower rate of price increases.
• Backlog of Orders: The backlog of orders index rose significantly to 55.0 from 50.5.
• Exports: The exports index improved to 53.0 from 48.5, indicating a return to growth.
• Imports: The imports index climbed to 55.7 from 52.9, showing increased demand for imported goods.

Eurozone PMI Overview

The Eurozone's Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) for July has shown stronger-than-expected performance across both manufacturing and services sectors. The Manufacturing PMI recorded a slight decrease to 51.9 from the previous 52.0, but still surpassed the forecast of 51.5. The Services PMI rose to 51.6, significantly higher than both the previous 49.4 and the forecast of 49.8. The Composite PMI, which combines both sectors, increased to 51.9 from 50.0.

European Countries PMI Details

In Germany, the Manufacturing PMI remained steady at 52.2, while the Services PMI improved to 49.6 from 48.6. In France, the Manufacturing PMI slightly decreased to 49.8 from 50.0, whereas the Services PMI saw a notable rise to 49.8 from 46.8. These figures indicate a mixed performance across the major economies in the Eurozone, with services showing more significant improvements compared to manufacturing.

Macroeconomics

Global macroeconomic focus was on currency markets, with reports of Japan intervening to curb yen depreciation, possibly with US support, leading to a significant strengthening of the yen against the dollar, with the USD/JPY pair falling -1.7% to 157.4; US Treasury Secretary Yellen commented that the yen appears "seriously undervalued." The Bank of Japan maintained its 1% interest rate, but a dissenting vote for a hike emerged, and Governor Ueda signaled potential for faster future rate increases. In the US, June PCE inflation turned negative month-over-month, with core PCE at 0.1%, while Q2 GDP growth was 1.5%. The Chicago PMI rose to 57.6 in July, and consumer sentiment improved. The Eurozone saw its July CPI rise to 2.9% and core CPI rebound to 2.5%, while China's July manufacturing PMI fell to 49.2.

Major Stock Markets

US equity markets closed higher, with the S&P 500 gaining 0.7% to 7490, the Nasdaq Composite rising 1.0% to 25374, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average advancing 0.5% to 52485. This was largely driven by strong earnings from major technology companies, notably Amazon, which surged over 15% on robust cloud services performance. Conversely, Apple shares fell more than 7% due to weaker-than-expected services and Greater China revenue, while US memory chip stocks also declined. European markets were mostly positive, with the Euro Stoxx 50 up 1.53%. In Asia, South Korea's KOSPI index saw a substantial rally of 17.9% to 6596, while Hong Kong's Hang Seng Index posted a modest gain of 0.1% to 25884, though Chinese A-shares experienced broad declines.

Major Government Bonds

Government bond yields saw a notable increase, reflecting persistent inflation concerns and central bank rhetoric. The benchmark US 10-year Treasury yield rose by 0.08 percentage points to 4.7%, marking its highest level since January 2025 and a significant monthly increase of over 30 basis points for July. The 30-year Treasury yield also climbed by about 5.6 basis points, reaching 5.27%, a level not seen since July 2007, while the 2-year Treasury yield similarly advanced to 4.29%.

Major Commodities

Commodity markets presented a mixed picture. Oil prices rose, with WTI crude increasing by 3.2% to $83.4 per barrel and Brent crude gaining 1.22% to $90.12 per barrel, fueled by ongoing geopolitical tensions in the Middle East and concerns over the Strait of Hormuz. For the month of July, both WTI and Brent crude posted substantial gains exceeding 22%. Conversely, precious metals declined, with spot gold falling -1.5% to $4098.6 per ounce and spot silver also dropping 1.89% to $57.87 per ounce.

Highlight

The July MM Fundamental Index reports reveal significant movements across major global markets. US stocks have shown a notable increase, with the latest stats at 4.44 compared to the previous 2.99. In contrast, Taiwan stocks have dropped to 1.56, marking the lowest level since June 2025. Japan stocks have reached their highest level since February 1995, with a current stat of 2.15. Emerging Market stocks have decreased to 1.29, the lowest since April 2025.

Components

US Bonds have increased to 0.48 from 0.23. Investment Grade Corporate Bonds have dropped to 3.57, the lowest since July 2023, while High Yield Bonds have decreased to -0.14, the lowest since November 2023. The US Dollar has improved slightly to -0.7 from -2.12. The Japanese Yen has fallen to -1.76, the lowest since February 2025. Oil prices have decreased further to -4.86 from -4.54. Copper has surged to 5.61, reaching its highest level since April 2005.

Macroeconomics

US economic data showed mixed signals, with second-quarter US - Real GDP growing at an annualized rate of 1.5%, below the 2.1% consensus. However, inflation cooled significantly as the June US - Personal Consumption Expenditure Price Index [PCE] declined 0.1% month-over-month, the first negative reading in six years, and the core PCE year-over-year rate fell to 3.3%. US - Initial & Continuing Jobless Claims also came in better than expected at 197,000. In Europe, second-quarter Eurozone - Real GDP rose 0.4% quarter-over-quarter, while German July Germany - HICP increased to 2.8% annually. The Bank of England maintained its UK - Benchmark Interest Rate at 3.75% by a 6-3 vote, acknowledging softer price pressures but warning of readiness to act if high WTI Crude Oil prices trigger secondary inflation.

Major Stock Markets

Major US stock markets staged a strong rebound, with the S&P 500 climbing 1.7% to 7438, the Dow Jones Industrial Average gaining 1.2% to 52208, and the NASDAQ Composite Index surging 2.8% to 25122, ending a six-day losing streak. The rally was primarily driven by strong tech earnings, particularly Microsoft's record single-day market capitalization increase, and a broad surge in US - PHLX Semiconductor Sector Index, which rose 8.2% to 11303, and AI-related stocks. European markets were mostly higher, with the Euro Stoxx 50 up 1.5%, while Asian indices saw mixed to negative performance, with Korea's South Korea - KOSPI Index down -1.2% to 5594, a record low since April 8, 2026, and China's China CSI 300 Index down -1.1% to 4550.

Major Government Bonds

Government bond markets saw mixed movements, with the US - 10-Year Treasury Note Yield rising 0.05 percentage points to 4.7%, while the US 2-year Treasury Note Yield fell 3 basis points to 4.25%. The 30-year Treasury yield initially touched a 19-year high of approximately 5.23% before settling near 5.21%, leading to a further steepening of the US - Treasury Yield Spread. European bond yields saw slight increases, with the Germany 10-year Bond Yield rising 0.01 percentage points to 3.2% and the UK 10-Year Government Bond Yield dropping 5 basis points to 4.98%.

Major Commodities

Commodity markets experienced some volatility, with international WTI Crude Oil prices resuming their upward trend after recent surges. WTI Crude Oil settled up 2.3% at $84.0 per barrel, and Brent Crude Oil fell 1.5% to $89.4 per barrel, as signs emerged of increased shipping through the IMF - Strait of Hormuz - Daily Transit Calls & Transit Trade Volume despite ongoing Middle East tensions. Gold rose 0.2% to $4103.2 per ounce, and Silver gained 1.6% to $59.02 per ounce, benefiting from a US Dollar Index that was down -0.9% to 100.0.

US GDP Growth Slows

The US economy grew at an annualized rate of 1.5% in the second quarter, according to preliminary data, falling short of the 2.1% forecast and previous quarter's growth rate. On a year-over-year basis, GDP growth was recorded at 2.1%, down from 2.7% in the previous quarter.

Components

• Consumption surged to 3.2%, a significant increase from the previous 0.5%.
• Investment dropped to 3.0% from a previous 7.9%.
• Government Expenditures decreased to -0.8%, down from 4.4%.
• Exports fell to 4.5% from 10.9%.
• Imports remained relatively stable at 11.5%, slightly down from 11.8%.

Eurozone Economic Sentiment Indicator Surpasses Forecast

The Eurozone Economic Sentiment Indicator for July reported a figure of 96.9, surpassing both the previous month's 95.4 and the forecasted 96.0. This indicates a more optimistic economic outlook within the Eurozone than analysts had anticipated.

Main Countries and Sectors Details

Germany showed an improvement with a rise to 92.7 from 91.6. France also saw an increase, reaching 95.9 from 93.5. Conversely, Greece experienced a slight decline to 107.6 from 108.2. Italy's sentiment rose marginally to 99.6 from 99.2, while Spain's indicator increased to 104.3 from 103.5.

In sector-specific details, the Industrial Confidence Indicator improved to -6.1 from -7.5, marking the highest level since May 2023. The Services Confidence Indicator rose to 4.7 from 4.2. The Consumer Confidence Indicator also showed improvement, climbing to -15.9 from -17.6. Retail Confidence saw a notable rise to -6.6 from -9.3. However, the Construction Confidence Indicator fell to -5.3 from -4.8, marking its lowest level since June 2024.

Macroeconomics

The Federal Reserve maintained its benchmark interest rate at 3.50-3.75%, though three FOMC members dissented in favor of a 25 basis point hike, signaling increased internal hawkishness. Chair Warsh reiterated the commitment to a 2% inflation target while offering little forward guidance, contributing to market uncertainty. Geopolitical tensions in the Middle East escalated significantly following reported US-Iran clashes and threats from the US President. Separately, Australia's Q2 CPI came in below expectations at 0.6% quarter-on-quarter and 3.9% year-on-year for headline, and 0.8% quarter-on-quarter and 3.6% year-on-year for trimmed mean, leading to a reassessment of future RBA rate hikes.

Major Stock Markets

US equities experienced a broad sell-off, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average plummeting down -2.2% to 51594, the S&P 500 falling down -1.5% to 7316, and the Nasdaq Composite declining down -1.7% to 24443, reaching its lowest level since April 24, 2026. The Russell 2000 also dropped 1.61%. The technology and semiconductor sectors were particularly hard hit, with the PHLX Semi Index (SOX) down -5.3% to 10448, its lowest level since April 30, 2026, as investors reassessed AI-related growth and capital expenditure. European markets were mixed, while Asian performance varied, with Hong Kong and mainland China indices posting gains, but South Korea's KOSPI plunged down -6.0% to 5663, its lowest level since April 8, 2026, and Taiwan's TWSE declined down -3.8% to 40039 amid a sharp sell-off in AI-dominated stocks.

Major Government Bonds

US Treasury yields saw a significant "twist steepening," reflecting market anxiety over inflation and policy uncertainty following the Fed meeting. The 30-year Treasury yield surged 11-13 basis points to 5.20%, reaching its highest level since July 2007, while the 10-year Treasury yield rose 0.08 percentage points to 4.7%. Conversely, the more policy-sensitive 2-year Treasury yield declined 5-6 basis points to 4.23-4.27%. Australian government bond yields also fell, with the 3-year and 10-year yields down 7 basis points and 4 basis points respectively, after softer-than-expected domestic inflation data.

Major Commodities

International oil prices surged dramatically due to escalating geopolitical tensions in the Middle East. WTI crude oil jumped 9.5% to settle at $84.5 per barrel, while Brent crude oil soared 7.27-7.91% to settle between $87.91 and $90.74 per barrel. Gold prices, initially down slightly, rallied after settlement to close up 0.7% at $4066.5 per ounce, reflecting renewed uncertainty, and silver also saw gains of approximately 1%.

Macroeconomics

US consumer confidence declined in July to 90.8, below the consensus of 92.3, while the Richmond Fed manufacturing index edged up to +5. The US goods trade deficit narrowed slightly to $101.5 billion in June, and house prices rose 0.3% month-on-month in May. Market participants anticipate the Federal Reserve will keep its policy rate unchanged between 3.50%-3.75% following its upcoming meeting, though geopolitical developments and inflation data remain key. OPEC+ indicated plans to maintain stable production levels after September, following a planned increase in August.

Major Stock Markets

Global equities showed mixed performance, with a significant rotation out of technology. The Dow Jones Industrial Average gained 1.0% to 52747, and the S&P 500 rose 0.2% to 7429, largely supported by strength in defensive sectors like healthcare and consumer staples, as well as financials. However, the Nasdaq Composite fell -0.2% to 24877, reaching a record low since 2026-04-30, with the Nasdaq 100 entering correction territory. Semiconductor stocks experienced a sharp selloff, with the Philadelphia Semiconductor Index (SOX) down -4.5% to 11035.7 and memory chipmakers like SK Hynix and Micron Technology seeing substantial declines, reflecting concerns over AI capital expenditure sustainability and increased competition. In Asia, Japan's Nikkei 225 tumbled -4.0% to 62365 amidst an earthquake and tech selloff, while South Korea's KOSPI index plunged -10.8% to 6024, triggering a circuit breaker and marking a record low since 2026-04-15. Chinese A-shares also saw broad losses, with the ChiNext Index down 7.35%.

Major Government Bonds

Major government bond yields declined as oil prices eased and inflation concerns temporarily subsided. The US 10-year Treasury yield fell down -0.04 percentage points to 4.6%, with the 2-year yield also dropping to 4.293%. This widespread decline across the curve pulled yields back from their recent 18-month highs. European government bonds followed a similar trend, with the 10-year Gilt yield down 5 basis points and the equivalent German Bund yield falling down -0.02 percentage points to 3.1%.

Major Commodities

International oil prices showed mixed performance. WTI crude futures settled up 0.7% at $80.8 per barrel, driven by hopes of de-escalation in Middle East tensions and potential talks regarding the Strait of Hormuz, and Brent crude futures fell 3.93% to $81.95 per barrel. Gold prices also declined, dropping down -1.2% to $4025.8 per ounce, reaching a one-week low, while silver fell 2.2% to $57.13 per ounce.

Macroeconomics

US economic data showed resilience, with June core capital goods orders rising 0.9%, indicating sustained business investment, particularly in AI-related expenditures. The Dallas Fed manufacturing index also improved to 1.3 from 0.0 in July. In China, industrial profits for June increased by 15.1%, contributing to an 18.7% growth for the first half of the year, while Germany's Ifo Business Climate Index edged up to 86.6. Investors are now keenly awaiting the Federal Reserve's upcoming policy meeting, with expectations leaning towards a hawkish hold.

Major Stock Markets

Global equities presented a mixed picture, with US markets seeing the Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 0.5% to 52210 and the S&P 500 closed marginally higher at 7413. However, the Nasdaq Composite was down -0.2% to 24932, largely dragged down by significant weakness in semiconductor stocks, with the Philadelphia Semiconductor Index down -2.2% to 11555. Concerns over 'circular financing' in AI infrastructure and reports of China's advancements in DUV chip-making tools weighed heavily on the sector. European markets generally advanced, with Germany's DAX Index up 1.0% to 25361 and the UK's FTSE 100 gaining 0.4% to 10782, its highest level since March 2, 2026, while Asian markets also strengthened, notably Hong Kong's Hang Seng Index rising 1.0% to 25207 and Chinese indices posting gains following a strong debut by a domestic memory chip maker.

Major Government Bonds

Major government bond yields declined across the board, reflecting easing inflation concerns following the sharp drop in oil prices. The US - 10-Year Treasury Note Yield was down -0.04 percentage points to 4.6%, while the US 2-year Treasury Note Yield also decreased by 1-2 basis points to 4.32-4.33%. Similarly, European yields saw a downward trend, with the Germany 10-year Bond Yield down -0.05 percentage points to 3.1% and the UK 10-Year Government Bond Yield dropping 4 basis points to 5.0%.

Major Commodities

Commodity markets were dominated by a significant plunge in oil prices, as hopes for a diplomatic resolution in the Middle East eased fears of supply disruptions. WTI Crude Oil was down -3.7% to settle at $82.0 per barrel, while Brent Crude Oil also saw a substantial drop of 8.7% to $88.36 per barrel. Gold, often seen as a safe-haven asset, saw a modest gain of 0.3%, while Silver experienced a slight decline of 0.3-0.4%.

Highlight

The global Economic Expectation Index for July recorded a slight increase, reaching 2.54%, up from the previous 2.52%.

Components

• US: The index rose to 2.12% from 2.1%.
• Eurozone: The index increased to 0.95% from 0.9%.
• UK: The index climbed to 1.1% from 1.05%.
• Germany: The index moved up to 0.89% from 0.85%.
• Japan: The index edged up to 0.72% from 0.7%.
• China: The index slightly decreased to 4.48% from 4.5%.
• Taiwan: The index significantly dropped to 6.34% from 6.75%.
• India: The index slightly decreased to 6.98% from 7.05%.
• Canada: The index increased to 1.35% from 1.27%.
• South Korea: The index rose to 2.51% from 2.38%.
• Singapore: The index increased to 3.08% from 3.0%.
• Malaysia: The index slightly increased to 4.54% from 4.5%.

Macroeconomics

Macroeconomic data showed a mixed picture with US initial jobless claims dropping to 187,000, the lowest since 1969, indicating limited layoffs. July flash PMIs revealed a composite reading of 53.6, with services at 53.6 and manufacturing at 53.8, while employment rebounded and input/selling price inflation accelerated. June new home sales also beat expectations at an annual rate of 628,000. Geopolitical tensions contributed to shifting Federal Reserve expectations, with markets now pricing a 36% chance of a July rate cut. Additionally, new tariffs of 10% to 12.5% were imposed on 60 trading partners.

Major Stock Markets

Major US equity indices experienced a weekly decline, with the S&P 500 falling 0.6%, the Dow 0.4%, and the Nasdaq 2.1%. On the day, performance was mixed as the S&P 500 edged up 0.1% to 7412 and the Dow gained 0.5% to 51947, while the tech-heavy Nasdaq fell -0.6% to 24976. The semiconductor sector notably lagged, declining -4.3% to 11819, as mixed mega-cap tech earnings and higher capital expenditure guidance weighed on sentiment. Outperforming sectors included energy, industrial and precious metals, utilities, and healthcare. European markets generally closed higher, with Germany's DAX index gaining 0.9% to 24984, the UK's FTSE 100 gaining 0.9% to a record high of 10736, and France's CAC 40 rising 0.9% to 8372. Meanwhile, Hong Kong's Hang Seng Index was down -1.0% to 24963 and mainland China's CSI 300 Index was down -1.7% to 4649.

Major Government Bonds

US Treasury yields were mostly weaker for the week, driven by elevated oil prices, fiscal concerns, and evolving Federal Reserve expectations. The benchmark 10-year Treasury yield crossed above 4.7% for the first time since early 2025, reaching 18-month highs before settling down -0.03 percentage points to 4.7% for the day. The 2-year Treasury yield also surged for the week, reflecting increased sensitivity to potential Fed policy shifts.

Major Commodities

Crude oil prices saw a significant weekly surge, with WTI crude up 12.7% and Brent crude up nearly 10%, driven by escalating US-Iran conflict and attacks on tankers in the Red Sea. On the day, WTI crude futures were down -1.3% to $85.9 a barrel amid mediation headlines. Brent crude futures briefly topped $100 per barrel during the week. Gold and silver also posted weekly gains, rising 1.3% and 4.67% respectively, as investors sought safe-haven assets. On the day, gold futures saw a modest gain of 0.1% to $4055.7.

Macroeconomics

US initial jobless claims fell to a 55-year low of 187,000, signaling continued labor market tightness, while new US tariffs ranging from 10% to 12.5% on imports from 60 economies officially took effect. The European Central Bank maintained its benchmark interest rates but warned that energy shocks would keep Eurozone inflation above target until the first half of 2027, leaving the door open for a potential rate hike in September. South Korea's second-quarter GDP grew by 3.7% year-on-year, surpassing expectations, largely propelled by robust demand in the AI sector.

Major Stock Markets

Major US stock indices closed significantly lower, with the S&P 500 down -1.2% to 7408, the Dow Jones Industrial Average down -1.0% to 51712, and the Nasdaq Composite down -2.1% to 25138, as surging oil prices and concerns over the return on AI investments weighed heavily on technology shares following key earnings reports. European markets also saw broad declines, with the Euro Stoxx 600 down 1.2%. In contrast, several Asian markets, including South Korea's KOSPI which jumped 4.4% to 7097, outperformed on expectations of increased capital expenditure in the technology sector supporting regional supply chains.

Major Government Bonds

Global government bond yields rose sharply as escalating Middle East tensions and surging oil prices fueled inflation concerns and bolstered expectations for tighter monetary policy. The US 10-year Treasury yield increased by 0.04 percentage points to 4.7%, reaching its highest level since January 2025, while the 2-year yield rose 5 basis points to 4.35%. German and UK 10-year bond yields also climbed, with Germany's 10-year yield rising 0.03 percentage points to 3.2%, a record high since May 2011. The Japanese Yen weakened past 163 against the US Dollar to 163.8, marking its weakest level since 1986.

Major Commodities

Crude oil prices surged dramatically, with WTI crude jumping 10.6% to $92.5 per barrel and Brent crude soaring 7.0% to $100.69 per barrel, breaking above $100 for the first time since May, driven by escalating Middle East tensions, including Houthi attacks on Red Sea shipping and renewed threats from the US. This surge in energy prices, coupled with rising bond yields and a stronger dollar, with the US Dollar Index rising 0.3% to 101.4, led to significant declines in precious metals, with spot gold down -2.4% to $4050.8 and silver dropping 3.7%.

Macroeconomics

Geopolitical tensions in the Middle East escalated, with threats exchanged between the US and Iran, and Houthi militants attacking Saudi oil tankers in the Red Sea. Domestically, US President Trump anticipated a federal government shutdown in September. Economic data showed China's上半年securities transaction stamp duty surged 97.3% year-on-year, while the UK's June headline CPI softened to 2.6% year-on-year, below the 2.7% estimate, with core CPI unchanged at 2.6%. South Korea's Q2 GDP grew 3.7% year-on-year, exceeding expectations, and Japanese central bank officials indicated openness to faster rate hikes.

Major Stock Markets

US equity markets closed slightly lower, with the Dow down -0.01% to 52219, the S&P 500 down -0.1% to 7499, and the Nasdaq down -0.6% to 25691, primarily due to weakness in technology ahead of major earnings reports, though Super Micro Computer surged nearly 20% on new orders. European bourses, however, saw gains, with the Germany DAX Index up 0.6% to 25155 and the UK FTSE100 rising 1.2% to 10717, a record high. Asian markets were mixed, as Hong Kong's Hong Kong Hang Seng Index fell -1.1% to 24856 and the Hong Kong - Hang Seng TECH Index dropped 3.04%, while mainland China's Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite Index edged up 0.07% but the Shenzhen Stock Exchange Component Index and ChiNext fell 1.42% and 3.23% respectively.

Major Government Bonds

Government bond yields climbed across major markets, with the benchmark US - 10-Year Treasury Note Yield rising 0.04 percentage points to 4.7% and the US 2-year Treasury Note Yield reaching 4.302%, its highest since February 2025, driven by persistent inflation concerns and geopolitical risk. The 30-year US Treasury yield traded above 5% for a record twelfth consecutive day. Bunds also saw yields rise, while UK Gilt yields remained largely flat following softer-than-expected inflation data.

Major Commodities

Crude Oil prices surged significantly amid escalating Middle East tensions and threats to shipping lanes, with WTI Crude Oil rising 4.2% to $87.9 per barrel and Brent Crude Oil gaining 1.47% to $90.67 per barrel, briefly topping $95. Despite a reported 2.0 million barrel increase in US - Crude Oil Inventories, geopolitical risks overshadowed the bearish data. Gold prices also advanced, with spot gold climbing 1.2% to $4124.2 per ounce, benefiting from safe-haven demand and a softer US Dollar Index down -0.03% to 101.1.

Macroeconomics

The US-Iran conflict escalated for the tenth consecutive day, with threats exchanged regarding nuclear facilities and regional interests, while President Trump downplayed immediate talks and warned of new tariffs on dozens of economies, including a 100% tariff on generic drugs by August 2028. Inflation concerns were also stoked by rising oil prices and hawkish Fed expectations, with the Philadelphia Fed's non-manufacturing activity index unexpectedly rising to 7.4 in July from -25.8, while UK private average weekly earnings excluding bonuses eased to 2.9% year-on-year in the three months to May. South Korea's exports surged 52% year-on-year in the first 20 days of July, driven by a 180.6% rise in semiconductor exports.

Major Stock Markets

Global equity markets saw a broad rebound, led by a strong rally in the technology and semiconductor sectors, which had been under pressure recently. The S&P 500 gained 0.9% to 7509, the NASDAQ Composite Index climbed 1.3% to 25837, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 0.7% to 52225, as investors focused on early strong corporate earnings reports. European markets also closed higher, with the Euro Stoxx 50 up 0.94%, while Asian equities, particularly in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and mainland China, surged significantly, with China's STAR50 index jumping 10.73% and the US - PHLX Semiconductor Sector Index advancing 5.2% to 12356.

Major Government Bonds

US Treasury yields rose across the curve, reflecting renewed inflation concerns and hawkish Federal Reserve expectations amid rising oil prices, with the US - 10-Year Treasury Note Yield climbing 0.04 percentage points to 4.6% and the US 2-year Treasury Note Yield increasing 5.7 basis points to 4.278%. In contrast, the UK Gilt market stabilized after recent volatility, with the 10-year yield holding steady at 5.03%, while German and Japanese 10-year bond yields saw minor increases.

Major Commodities

International oil prices surged to near five-week highs, with WTI Crude Oil Futures rising 2.6% to $84.6 per barrel and Brent Crude Oil increasing 2.12% to $89.35 per barrel, driven by escalating geopolitical tensions in the Middle East, including continued US-Iran hostilities and threats to Red Sea shipping. Precious metals also saw a strong rebound, with Gold gaining 1.8% to $4089.1 per ounce and Silver surging 4.18% to $58.76 per ounce, as investors sought safe-haven assets.

Macroeconomics

Middle East tensions escalated with continued US strikes on Iran and Houthi rebels announcing a maritime blockade on Saudi Arabia, though mediators proposed a 10-day ceasefire. In other geopolitical news, the US announced 50% tariffs on various Canadian goods, effective August 19, excluding energy and critical minerals. Economic data showed the US Leading Index eased to -0.2% month-over-month in June, while Canada's CPI slowed more than expected to -0.4% month-over-month and 2.8% year-over-year. New Zealand's Q2 CPI came in slightly hotter than anticipated at 1.5% quarter-over-quarter and 4.15% year-over-year.

Major Stock Markets

Major global stock markets largely closed lower as investors reacted to escalating Middle East tensions and awaited key corporate earnings. In the US, the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell -0.6% to 51839, the S&P 500 declined -0.2% to 7443, and the Nasdaq Composite was down -0.1% to 25508. European indices were also mostly negative, with the Euro Stoxx 600 losing 0.3% and the FTSE 100 dropping -0.7% to 10525, though Germany's DAX gained 0.1% to 24847. Asian markets were mixed, with Hong Kong's Hang Seng Index rising 2.2% to 25110 while South Korea's KOSPI plunged -4.5% to 6516.

Major Government Bonds

Government bond yields generally rose across major markets amid inflation concerns driven by higher energy prices and geopolitical uncertainty. The US 10-year Treasury yield increased by 0.05 percentage points to 4.6%, and the 2-year Treasury yield climbed 3 basis points to 4.21%. In Europe, the German 10-year bond yield rose 0.02 percentage points to 3.1%, while UK Gilt yields saw a more pronounced jump, with the 10-year yield increasing by 8 basis points to 5.03%.

Major Commodities

Crude oil prices advanced significantly due to heightened geopolitical risks in the Middle East. WTI crude futures settled up 1.1% at $82.7 per barrel, and Brent crude futures rose 1.27% to $89.22 per barrel, initially surging on conflict news before paring some gains on ceasefire hopes, then rallying again. Precious metals saw mixed performance, with gold closing down -0.2% at $4010.3 per ounce, while silver gained 1.36% to settle at $56.802 per ounce. Copper also rose 1.9% to $6.3 per pound.

Macroeconomics

U.S. economic data presented a mixed picture, with June retail sales rising a softer-than-expected 0.2% month-over-month and industrial output up a modest 0.1%. However, US - Initial & Continuing Jobless Claims fell to a new low of 208,000, and US - Housing Starts vs. Building Permits surged 19.0% to an annual rate of 1.427 million in June. Preliminary July US - Consumer Confidence also improved to 54.4, with a slight dip in the 1-year inflation outlook to 4.2%. Geopolitical tensions in the Middle East escalated significantly, with reported U.S. strikes on Iran and Iranian responses, alongside threats to key shipping lanes, fueling market uncertainty.

Major Stock Markets

Major global stock markets experienced a generally negative session, with U.S. indices closing lower as the NASDAQ Composite Index declined -1.4% to 25520, the S&P 500 fell -1.0% to 7458, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped -0.8% to 52146. The technology and semiconductor sectors were particularly hard hit, with the US - PHLX Semiconductor Sector Index fell -1.6% to 11674, entering bear market territory, driven by concerns over AI valuations and increased competition following the launch of a new Chinese AI model. European markets showed mixed results, while mainland China's A-shares saw significant declines across all major indices, though Hong Kong's Hong Kong Hang Seng Index posted gains.

Major Government Bonds

U.S. government bond yields displayed a mixed performance, as the benchmark US - 10-Year Treasury Note Yield slightly decreased by 0.59 percentage points to 4.6%. Conversely, the US 2-year Treasury Note Yield, which is more sensitive to immediate interest rate expectations, rose by 3.58 basis points to 4.1767%. Markets continued to largely price out the possibility of a rate hike at the Federal Reserve's upcoming policy meeting.

Major Commodities

Crude oil prices surged significantly due to escalating geopolitical tensions in the Middle East and threats to vital shipping routes. US WTI Crude Oil Futures fell to $79.1 per barrel, and Brent Crude Oil jumped 4.59% to $88.10 per barrel, with both benchmarks recording weekly gains exceeding 15%. Spot Gold, after an initial decline below $4000, closed at $3983.8 per ounce, a record low since November 5, 2025, though it still registered a weekly loss, while spot Silver also saw a modest daily gain.

Macroeconomics

Macroeconomic data revealed a resilient U.S. economy, with June US - Retail Sales by Component (MoM) rising 0.2% month-over-month, and US - Initial & Continuing Jobless Claims falling to 208,000, the lowest since May 2, 2026. The US - Regional Fed Current Manufacturing Index surged to 41.4 in July, significantly exceeding expectations. However, housing data showed weakness, with June US - Pending Home Sales Index down 5.6% and July US - NAHB/Wells Fargo Housing Market Index [HMI] falling to 34. Federal Reserve officials maintained a hawkish stance, emphasizing that US - Consumer Price Index (CPI) remains too high and more evidence is needed for a sustained return to target. World - Geopolitical Risk Index in the Middle East escalated, with reports of U.S. airstrikes on Iran and threats to shipping routes, while South Korea Interest Rate by 25 basis points to 2.75% amid persistent inflation.

Major Stock Markets

Global stock markets largely retreated, primarily driven by a significant sell-off in the semiconductor sector and other AI-related stocks. The NASDAQ Composite Index fell -1.5% to 25882, the S&P 500 declined -0.5% to 7534, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average was down -0.2% to 52553. Major tech companies like Alphabet saw a 4.4% drop due to reported delays in its flagship AI model, while semiconductor firms experienced sharp declines, with the US - PHLX Semiconductor Sector Index falling down -4.3% to 11868 and major memory chip players seeing substantial losses. In Asia, South Korea - Korea Stock Exchange KOSPI Index plunged down -6.4% to 6821 after regulators imposed new restrictions on single-stock leveraged ETFs, and Japan Nikkei 225 Index fell down -2.8% to 66836, though Hong Kong Hang Seng Index managed a 1.3% gain to 25012. European equities were mixed, with the Stoxx 600 Index up 0.2% and the UK FTSE 100 gaining 0.5% to 10572.

Major Government Bonds

Major government bond yields saw modest increases, reflecting strong U.S. economic data and hawkish comments from Federal Reserve officials. The US - 10-Year Treasury Note Yield rose 0.02 percentage points to 4.6%, and the US 2-year Treasury Note Yield also edged higher to 4.158%. Germany 10-year Bond Yield similarly increased by 0.04 percentage points to 3.1%. The slight upward movement in yields indicated investor expectations for sustained higher interest rates.

Major Commodities

Commodity markets were marked by a significant drop in precious metals and mixed movements in energy. Gold fell down -1.7%, closing below the $4,000 per ounce mark at $3983.8, marking its lowest level since November 5, 2025, pressured by rising U.S. Treasury yields and a stronger dollar amid inflation concerns. Silver also declined sharply by 3.9%. WTI Crude Oil prices initially surged on escalating Middle East tensions but later pared gains, with WTI crude settling down -0.6% at $79.1 per barrel and Brent Crude Oil falling approximately 0.78% to $84.02 per barrel. The US Dollar Index strengthened, rising 0.3% to 100.8.

Retail Sales Overview

In June, US retail sales rose by 0.22% , surpassing the forecast of 0.2% but lower than the previous month's 1.02%. On a basis, retail sales increased by 6.72%, compared to 7.33% in the previous period.

Retail Sales Control Group

The retail sales control group, which excludes certain volatile items, grew by 0.39% , slightly below the expected 0.5% and down from the previous month's 0.82%. On a basis, the control group saw a 6.36% increase, slightly down from 6.57% previously.

Components Details

Motor Vehicle sales showed a significant rise, increasing by 5.73% from 4.77%. Sporting Goods also saw a notable increase, with sales up 15.19% from 12.63%. Electronics Appliance sales grew by 8.61%, up from 7.26%. Conversely, Gasoline Stations experienced a sharp decline, with sales dropping to 19.85% from 27.24%. Health & Personal Care sales saw a significant decrease, growing only 0.19% compared to 2.81% previously. Nonstore Retailers experienced a substantial increase, with sales rising to 14.23% from 12.16%.

Macroeconomics

US June US - Producer Price Index (PPI) data showed further signs of cooling inflation, with the headline PPI contracting by 0.3% month-over-month, its largest decline in six years, and core PPI rising a modest 0.2% month-over-month, both below expectations. Annually, headline PPI eased to 5.5% and core PPI to 4.7%. Federal Reserve officials acknowledged encouraging signs that inflation may have peaked, though some remained ready to act if disinflation doesn't materialize soon. The Fed's Beige Book indicated slight to moderate economic growth across most districts, noting higher fuel prices dampened discretionary spending. Separately, China - Real GDP grew by 4.3% year-on-year, bringing the first-half growth to 4.7%, while Europe - Industrial Production Index by Country for May contracted more than anticipated. The Canada - Target for the Overnight Rate maintained its policy rate at 2.25%.

Major Stock Markets

Major US stock indices posted gains for a second consecutive day, buoyed by the softer inflation data and strong earnings from some financial firms. The S&P 500 rose 0.4% to 7572, the Dow Jones Industrial Average gained 0.3% to 52659, and the NASDAQ Composite Index advanced 0.6% to 26269. However, the semiconductor sector experienced significant selling pressure, with the US - PHLX Semiconductor Sector Index down -2.1% to 12399, as memory chip names like SK Hynix and MU saw sharp drops amid concerns over increased supply. In contrast, several "Magnificent Seven" tech giants performed well, with AAPL notably up 4%. European markets were mixed, while Asian equities saw broad rallies, particularly South Korea - Korea Stock Exchange KOSPI Index surging 6.2% to 7284 and Hong Kong Hang Seng Index up 1.4% to 24681, though mainland Chinese indices slipped.

Major Government Bonds

Government bond markets saw yields ease across the board, reflecting reduced expectations for further Federal Reserve rate hikes following the cooler-than-expected inflation data. The yield on the benchmark US - 10-Year Treasury Note Yield fell -0.03 percentage points to 4.6%, and the US 2-year Treasury Note Yield declined 6 basis points to 4.14%. In Europe, the Germany 10-year Bond Yield edged up 0.02 percentage points to 3.1%, while the UK 10-Year Government Bond Yield decreased by 4 basis points to 4.94%.

Major Commodities

Oil prices extended their gains for a third day, reaching a one-month high, as escalating geopolitical tensions in the Middle East persisted. US WTI Crude Oil Futures settled up 1.1% at $80.2 per barrel, and Brent Crude Oil gained 0.26% to $84.95 per barrel, following reports of new US military strikes against Iran and the reinstatement of maritime blockades. Gold trimmed earlier losses but ultimately closed down -0.1% at $4067.1 per ounce, while Silver saw a more significant decline of 2.8% to $57.43 per ounce. Bitcoin/USD closed down -0.3% to $64756.4.

Macroeconomics

US June CPI data showed a significant cooling of inflationary pressures, with the headline CPI falling 0.4% month-over-month, the first decline in six years, bringing the annual rate to 3.5%. The core CPI was flat month-over-month, resulting in a 2.6% annual increase, both figures coming in below market expectations. Despite this, Federal Reserve Chair Warsh maintained a hawkish stance in his testimony, reiterating the Fed's "no tolerance for persistently elevated inflation" and downplaying the significance of a single month's data. Geopolitical tensions escalated in the Middle East, with the US resuming a naval blockade of Iranian ports and conducting strikes, while Iran declared a "formal state of war" with the US.

Major Stock Markets

Major US stock indices closed mostly higher, with the S&P 500 gaining 0.4% to 7544, the Nasdaq Composite rising 0.9% to 26107, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average inching up 0.0% to 52508. The Russell 2000 also saw a 0.39% increase. Technology and semiconductor sectors rebounded strongly, but market sentiment was notably impacted by IBM, which plunged 25.2% following a negative preliminary Q2 earnings announcement, citing a significant shift in corporate capital expenditure towards hardware for AI. Major bank earnings were mixed despite widespread beats, with GS up 9% and JPM up 2.5%, while C fell 5.3% and WFC declined 2.7%.

Major Government Bonds

US Treasury yields declined across the curve as softer-than-expected inflation data tempered expectations for aggressive near-term rate hikes from the Federal Reserve. The 2-year Treasury yield fell approximately 9 basis points to 4.19%, and the 10-year Treasury yield dropped 0.03 percentage points to 4.6%. This dovish repricing of rate hike probabilities was somewhat contained by Fed Chair Warsh's continued hawkish rhetoric, emphasizing the central bank's commitment to achieving its inflation target.

Major Commodities

Crude oil prices rose, with WTI crude futures settling up 2.2% at $79.8 per barrel and Brent crude up 1.72% at $84.73 per barrel, driven by escalating US-Iran tensions and the resumption of the US naval blockade, although President Trump's withdrawal of a proposed 20% toll on Strait of Hormuz shipping tempered earlier highs. Gold futures climbed 1.3% to $4,057.0 per ounce, benefiting from both the softer inflation data, which eased rate hike fears, and increased safe-haven demand amid geopolitical uncertainty. Silver also saw gains, rising 1.97%.

Job Openings

The US JOLTS Job Openings for May reported a slight increase, reaching 7,594,000, up from the previous month's 7,585,000. This marks the highest level since May 2024. The Job Openings Rate remained steady at 4.6%.

Components

The JOLTS Quits Rate held steady at 1.9%, indicating no change from the previous month. The Hires Rate also remained unchanged at 3.3%. However, the Layoffs Rate saw a slight increase, rising to 1.1% from the previous 1.0%.

Highlight

The US Consumer Price Index (CPI) for June showed a notable decline, with the non-seasonally adjusted year-over-year (YoY) CPI registering at 3.53%, down from the previous 4.25% and below the forecasted 3.8%. The seasonally adjusted month-over-month (MoM) CPI fell by 0.42%, a significant drop from the previous 0.47% and lower than the expected -0.1%. Core CPI, excluding food and energy, also decreased, with the non-seasonally adjusted YoY figure at 2.59%, compared to the previous 2.85% and forecasted 2.8%. The seasonally adjusted MoM Core CPI was slightly negative at -0.02%, down from the previous 0.21% and below the expected 0.2%.

Components

Energy prices saw a substantial decline, with a YoY change of 15.45%, down from 22.97%. Medical Care Commodities experienced a decrease of -2.06%, compared to the previous -1.8%. Education & Communication showed a slight negative change of -0.06%, a decrease from the previous 0.84%. Transportation costs decreased significantly, with a YoY change of 6.23%, down from 8.95%. Shelter and Housing costs also saw reductions, with Shelter at 3.26% from 3.35% and Housing at 3.32% from 3.59%.

Macroeconomics

Geopolitical tensions escalated significantly as the US announced a renewed naval blockade on Iranian ports starting July 15 and a 20% toll on cargo transiting the Strait of Hormuz, with threats of further strikes. Concurrently, Federal Reserve Governor Waller indicated that if core inflation data this week proves elevated, the FOMC would need to consider tightening monetary policy in the near term, leading markets to fully price in a September rate hike. India's June India - Consumer Price Index [CPI] also rose to 4.38% year-over-year, surpassing the central bank's 4% target for the first time in 17 months.

Major Stock Markets

Major global stock markets were mostly lower, with US indices declining as technology and semiconductor stocks faced significant selling pressure. The NASDAQ Composite Index fell -1.5% to 25873, the S&P 500 dropped -0.8% to 7515, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average lost -0.3% to 52499. This was largely driven by a sharp sell-off in AI-related shares and memory names, exemplified by South Korea's South Korea - Korea Stock Exchange KOSPI Index plunging -9.0% amid valuation concerns. European markets, however, largely held steady, with the Stoxx 600 Index closing flat, as energy shares gained on rising oil prices.

Major Government Bonds

Government bond yields rose across major markets, driven by renewed inflation concerns stemming from soaring oil prices and hawkish signals from the Federal Reserve. The US - 10-Year Treasury Note Yield climbed 0.1 percentage points to 4.6%, while the US 2-year Treasury Note Yield also increased by 6 basis points to 4.28%. Similarly, the Germany 10-year Bond Yield rose to 3.1%, reflecting a broader market reaction to geopolitical risks and potential monetary policy tightening.

Major Commodities

Crude oil prices surged dramatically following the escalation of US-Iran tensions, with US WTI Crude Oil Futures jumping 9.5% to $78.2 per barrel and Brent Crude Oil soaring 9.6% to $83.30 per barrel, as threats of a naval blockade in the Strait of Hormuz fueled supply disruption fears. Conversely, safe-haven assets like Gold and Silver declined, with gold falling -2.5% to $4,011.4 per ounce and silver dropping 3.6% to $57.97 per ounce, pressured by a stronger US dollar and expectations of higher interest rates.

Macroeconomics

US inflation concerns persisted as the Federal Reserve's semi-annual report indicated inflation "stepped up further this spring," with the PCE Price Index running about double the 2% target as of May, partly driven by AI infrastructure buildout. China reported June 2026 CPI increased by 1.0% year-on-year, while PPI rose by 4.1% year-on-year. Geopolitical tensions eased as reports suggested Iran had no intention of escalating conflict with Israel, and technical talks with the US were ongoing.

Major Stock Markets

US major stock indices ended the day positively, with the S&P 500 up 0.4% to 7575 and the Nasdaq Composite up 0.3% to 26282, both extending their weekly gains. The tech sector continued to lead, notably with SK Hynix's significant US market debut, closing up 13%, and Meta Platforms seeing strong gains. European markets were mixed, with Germany's DAX30 down -0.2% to 25067 while the UK FTSE 100 edged up 0.2% to 10497. Asian markets saw varied performance, with Hong Kong's Hang Seng Index up 0.6% to 24175, but mainland China's A-shares staged a strong afternoon rally, with the Shanghai Composite up 1.65% and the ChiNext index surging 4.49%, driven by a broad rally in the semiconductor sector.

Major Government Bonds

US Treasury yields edged higher, with the 10-year Treasury yield up 0.01 percentage points to 4.6% and the 2-year yield increasing about 3 basis points to 4.208%, reflecting persistent inflation concerns. In contrast, Japanese 10-year government bond yields down -0.17 percentage points to 2.7% following comments from the Finance Minister encouraging domestic asset investment by pension funds.

Major Commodities

Gold and silver futures declined, with August gold down -0.6% to $4,113.7/oz and September silver down 0.96% to $60.17/oz. Oil prices eased on the day, with WTI crude settling down -0.9% at $71.4/bbl and Brent crude down 0.38% at $76.01/bbl, as concerns over Middle East conflict escalation temporarily subsided. Despite the daily decline, both WTI and Brent crude posted weekly gains of 3.96% and 5.39% respectively, driven by earlier supply concerns. Copper futures rose 1.1% to $6.3/lb, marking a weekly gain.

Macroeconomics

Macroeconomic data showed the U.S. labor market remained stable, with initial jobless claims at 215,000, below the 218,000 consensus, while continuing claims printed at 1.814 million. June existing home sales declined by 2.4% month-over-month to a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 4.09 million, missing expectations, though the median home price reached a record high of $440,600. In China, June Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose 1.0% year-over-year, and the Producer Price Index (PPI) increased 4.1% year-over-year. Geopolitical concerns surrounding the Middle East persisted with mutual strikes between the U.S. and Iran, but market sentiment leaned towards a managed de-escalation, supported by ongoing mediation efforts.

Major Stock Markets

Major stock markets saw a broad uplift in the U.S., with the S&P 500 rising 0.8% to 7544, the Nasdaq Composite gaining 1.3% to 26207, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average adding 0.3% to 52487. This surge was largely propelled by a significant rally in semiconductor and AI-related stocks, exemplified by Micron Technology's over 4% increase following substantial U.S. investment commitments. European indices were mostly positive, with the Euro Stoxx 50 up 1.3%, while Asian markets presented a mixed picture, as Chinese equities rallied strongly, especially in the chip sector, contrasting with Hong Kong's Hang Seng Index down -0.7% to 24030.

Major Government Bonds

Major government bonds saw U.S. Treasuries firm, leading to a decline in yields across the curve. The 10-year U.S. Treasury yield dropped by -0.03 percentage points to 4.5%, while the 2-year yield fell by about 4 basis points to 4.18%. A $22 billion auction of 30-year bonds was well-received, stopping through by 0.3 basis points despite clearing at 5.058%, the highest yield for such an auction since 2007.

Major Commodities

Major commodities experienced a notable divergence, with oil prices retreating sharply as WTI crude fell down -2.5% to $71.7 per barrel and Brent crude declined by about 2.2% to $76.30 per barrel, reflecting diminished concerns over the U.S.-Iran conflict's impact on supply. Conversely, precious metals rallied, with gold gaining 1.2% to $4,132.1 per ounce and silver surging 3.8% to $60.75 per ounce, while copper also advanced by 3.2% to $6.3.

Macroeconomics

Macroeconomic sentiment was dominated by escalating US-Iran geopolitical tensions and the release of the FOMC minutes. The minutes revealed heightened inflation concerns among Federal Reserve officials, with a minority even considering a June rate hike, and notably identified the "AI investment hot streak" as a new inflation risk alongside the Middle East conflict and potential tariff policies. Meanwhile, the IMF maintained its 2026 global economic growth forecast at 3%, noting that the AI boom partially offset the impact of the Middle East war, but highlighted a stagnation in inflation cooling. US May wholesale inventories were revised softer to a 0.1% increase.

Major Stock Markets

Global equity markets reacted to the geopolitical uncertainty with a mixed performance. In the US, the S&P 500 was down -0.3% to 7483 and the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell -1.1% to 52348, while the Nasdaq Composite managed a 0.2% gain to 25871, demonstrating resilience in technology and AI-related stocks. European markets experienced broader declines, with the Euro Stoxx 600 index dropping 1.6%. Asian markets were also divergent, as the Hang Seng Index surged 3.0% to 24200 driven by Chinese internet and tech shares, but South Korea's KOSPI plunged -5.4% to 7247, entering a technical bear market, and Japan's Nikkei fell -2.1% to 66819.

Major Government Bonds

Government bond yields rose across major economies as the escalating geopolitical tensions and hawkish signals from the FOMC minutes intensified inflation concerns. The US 10-year Treasury yield increased by 0.02 percentage points to 4.6%, while the 2-year yield also climbed 3 basis points to 4.22%. European bond markets saw significant upward pressure, with the German 10-year Bund yield rising 0.10 percentage points to 3.1% and the UK 10-year Gilt yield advancing 13 basis points to 4.97%.

Major Commodities

Crude oil prices surged dramatically in response to renewed US strikes on Iran and President Trump's declaration that a temporary ceasefire was over, sparking fears of Middle East supply disruptions. West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude settled up 6.0% at $74.7 per barrel, and Brent crude jumped 7.0% to $79.35 per barrel, briefly surpassing $80 intraday. Conversely, safe-haven assets like gold were down -1.7% to $4087.9 per ounce, and silver fell 4.6%, as a stronger dollar and rising bond yields weighed on precious metals. Copper also was down -0.9% amid the broader risk-off sentiment.

Macroeconomics

US economic data showed a widening May trade deficit to $77.6 billion, the largest in over a year, while consumer inflation expectations rose, with the 1-year outlook reaching 3.7% and the 3-year outlook hitting 3.3%. The ADP weekly employment estimate indicated 21,000 jobs per week. China's central bank continued its Gold accumulation for the 20th consecutive month, though overall foreign exchange reserves saw a slight decline.

Major Stock Markets

Global equity markets experienced a broad decline, led by a significant sell-off in technology, semiconductor, and AI-related stocks. The Nasdaq fell -1.2% to 25819, with the S&P 500 down -0.4% to 7504 and the Dow losing -0.2% to 52925. European indices mostly closed lower, while Asian markets saw sharper declines, notably South Korea's Kospi plunging -4.9% to 7656 following Samsung's preliminary earnings which, despite a substantial profit surge, fueled concerns about AI investment returns. This prompted a rotation of funds towards more defensive sectors and value stocks.

Major Government Bonds

Government bond yields rose significantly across the board, driven by renewed inflation concerns stemming from escalating geopolitical tensions and higher oil prices. The 10-year US Treasury yield advanced 0.1 percentage points to settle at 4.6%, while the 2-year yield increased 6-7 basis points to 4.19%. The 30-year US Treasury yield also saw a notable rise, pushing above the 5% mark.

Major Commodities

Oil prices surged sharply, with WTI crude gaining 5.5% to $72.3 per barrel and Brent crude rising 3.01-5.4% to above $74 per barrel. This rally was primarily driven by escalating geopolitical tensions in the Middle East, including reports of attacks on vessels near the Strait of Hormuz, US retaliatory airstrikes on Iran, and the US revoking a general license for Iranian oil sales. Conversely, safe-haven assets like Gold and Silver declined, with Gold falling down -1.3% to $4113.8 and Silver dropping 1.6-3.3%, as higher bond yields and a stronger dollar weighed on precious metals.

Macroeconomics

US economic data showed the June ISM Services PMI slowing to 54.0 from 54.5, though the employment index improved to 51.2 from 47.9 and prices paid cooled to 67.7 from 71.3. Fed Governor Waller maintained a hawkish stance, emphasizing inflation risks and advocating for flexible forward guidance. In Europe, May retail sales increased by 1.6% year-over-year, and German industrial orders rose by 1.9% month-over-month. Geopolitical tensions in the Middle East saw some normalization with improved shipping traffic in the Strait of Hormuz, and new US-Iran talks are anticipated.

Major Stock Markets

US equity markets closed higher, with the S&P 500 gaining 0.7% to 7537, the Dow Jones Industrial Average rising 0.3% to a record high of 53056, and the Nasdaq Composite advancing 1.1% to 26121. Technology and semiconductor sectors led the rally, driven by renewed optimism in AI-related stocks. European markets were mixed, with the Euro Stoxx 600 declining 0.4%, while the German DAX edged up 0.2% to a record high. Asian markets saw Hong Kong's Hang Seng index rise 1.1%, but mainland Chinese equities were mostly lower.

Major Government Bonds

US Treasury yields were largely stable to slightly lower, with the benchmark 10-year Treasury yield decreasing by -0.02 percentage points to 4.5%. The yield curve steepened as front-end rates saw more significant declines, reflecting a slight shift in near-term rate hike expectations. In contrast, the German 10-year bond yield edged up 0.01 percentage points to 2.9%.

Major Commodities

Oil prices declined, with WTI crude settling around $68.6 per barrel, down -0.3%, and Brent crude at $71.99 per barrel, following Saudi Arabia's decision to cut its August official selling price for Arab Light crude to Asia by $11 per barrel, marking the largest reduction in at least 26 years. This move, coupled with increased OPEC+ output targets and normalizing traffic through the Strait of Hormuz, intensified oversupply concerns. Gold futures closed lower, down -0.2% to $4177.4 per ounce, while silver also saw a significant rise of 2.1%.