Industry Intelligence Hub

The energy industry encompasses companies involved in the production, transportation, processing, distribution of energy, as well as technical services, and equipment manufacturing essential for energy supply. Primary energy sources include fossil fuels, including crude oil, natural gas, and coal. The energy industry can be divided into three segments:

1. Upstream: This segment involves the exploration, extraction, and production of oil and gas resources. The process begins with geological surveys and seismic exploration to locate oil and gas deposits, followed by drilling and extraction using specialized equipment and services. The upstream segment brings the energy resources to the surface from underground or seabed reserves.

2. Midstream: The midstream segment is responsible for the transportation, storage, and processing of oil and gas. Resources are commonly transported from production sites to processing and storage facilities via pipelines or as liquefied natural gas (LNG).

3. Downstream: This segment involves the refining, distribution, and sale of oil and gas products. Refineries process crude oil and natural gas into a variety of products, including gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, naphtha, plastics, chemicals, and other petroleum-based derivatives, which are then distributed to end consumers or industrial users.

4. Integrated Oil & Gas Companies: These are vertically integrated companies that operate across the entire value chain, from exploration and production to refinement and marketing. Typically, integrated oil and gas companies are major international oil corporations (IOCs) or national oil companies (NOCs).